Scientists Find Our Planet’s Inner Core Has ANOTHER Core of its Own

Geologists have used earthquakes to study the interior of the Earth’s core

• Half of the 750 mile wide inner core appears to have a different structure
• Scientists believed the inner core was thought to be a solid lump of iron
• The new findings will mean that school textbooks may need to be rewritten
• The iron crystals in the outer half of the inner core are aligned north south
• Those in the innermost portion of the core point in a east/west direction
• Scientists believe the inner core could tell us about how the Earth formed

While there’s no prehistoric land hidden at the centre of our planet, as author Jules Verne imagined, the Earth’s core may not at all be like what scientists have led us to believe.

Geologists have discovered that the Earth’s inner core – previously thought to be a solid lump of iron – may in fact have its own even smaller core within it.

Using the seismic waves that reverberate across the planet after earthquakes, researchers have been able to gain new insight into what lies at the centre of our world.

The findings could mean that our understanding of Earth’s interior, and its history, will need to be rewritten.

Scientists found that rather than a solid ball of iron lying within the molten mass of the outer core, the inner core changes in structure about half way through.

They discovered a distinct inner inner core that is about half the diameter of what was believed to be the solid inner core, which is about the size of the moon.

Professor Xianodong Song, a geologist at the University of Illinois, said the structure of two inner cores could help reveal new details about how the Earth first formed.

He said: ‘Even though the inner core is small – smaller than the moon – it has some really interesting features.

‘The fact that we have two regions that are distinctly different may tell us something about how the inner core has been evolving.

Magma bursting to the surface like in the lava fountain above on Erta Ale, Ethiopia is from only the second layer of the Earth’s interior but the planet has a complex structure with a solid metal core at its very centre

Rotating liquid and solid cores at the centre of the Earth create the planets magnetic field, illustrated above

Source

__

Gateway to Hell: The Mysterious Volcanic Hot Springs of Ethiopia

Take a tour of this place that’s truly unlike anywhere else on Earth:

 

 

 

About 600 km north of Ethiopia’s capital Addis Ababa, the district of Dallol paints a rather curious picture. The former mining settlement harbours a tiny population, last published in 2007 by the country’s Central Statistical Agency as 83,930, and it holds the current record for the highest average temperature of any inhabited place on Earth. Between 1960 and 1966, the average annual temperature was a toasty 35°C (96°F), but the temperature can regularly creep to over 46°C (115°f).

 

It’s also home to the incredible Dallol Volcano. At 48 metres below sea level, Dallol is Earth’s lowest land volcano, and its last recorded eruption was in 1926. Its craters contains hot springs that boast a whole range of otherworldly colours – including neon yellow – thanks to the hot magma bubbling below the surface. This magma heats the groundwater that flows into the area from the nearby highlands, and as the heated groundwater moves up towards the surface, it dissolves salt, sulphur, potash and other minerals and deposits them in the Dallol craters.

 

“The supersaturated brine emerges through hot springs in the floor of the craters,” says Hobart King at Geology.com. “As the brines evaporate in the hot arid climate, extensive salt formations are formed on the floor of the craters. These are coloured white, yellow, brown, orange and green by sulfur, dissolved iron, mud and the life activity of halophile algae.“

 

It might look incredible, but Dallol poses quite a challenge to the stream of tourists that brave it every year. If they can stand the heat, there’s always the threat of acid pools and deadly gases to keep them on their toes: “Dallol craters are dangerous places to visit because their surface can be covered by a crust of salt with pools of hot acid water just inches below,” says King. “Toxic gases are sometimes released from craters.”

 

JULY 27, 2014 OPENING GATES OF HADES?

 

 

 

Back in December 2013, Apple’s iPhone assistant Siri ‘sometimes gives an odd response about “opening [the] gates of Hades,” the Greek mythological term for Hell, or the underworld, when one asks what will happen on July 27th, according to reports.

 

 

Source

 

Gateways to Hell

 

While in some belief systems, the afterlife can only be accessed by spiritual means, in others, the underworld could be accessed directly from the Earth. Here are 13 real spots that people have thought (and in a few cases, still do) lead straight to the lands of the dead.

 

Some of these involve the Christian concept of Hell, while others were supposed to lead to other (sometimes not unpleasant) afterlives.

 

Some of The Places on Earth People Believed Were Entrances to Hell

 

Erta Ale: In the north of Ethiopia, about a hundred miles west of the southern end of the Red Sea, is a bubbling caldera whose southern most pit is known locally as “The Gateway to Hell.”

 

The Ploutonion at Hierapolis: The ancient city of Hierapolis, near modern-day Pamukkale in Turkey was once home to a site considered sacred to Pluto, the god of the dead.

 

Fengdu, China: The 2,000-year-old City of Ghosts, located in Chongqing municipality, has long been thought to be the place the dead stopped on their way to the afterlife, though it seems to have gotten this reputation in a roundabout way.

 

The Seven Gates of Hell: A local legend claims that in the woods off Trout Run Road in Hellam Township, Pennsylvania, sit the Seven Gates of Hell. According to popular fiction, the gates appear near the site of a tragic asylum fire, and if you step through all seven gates, you land straight in Hell.

 

Mount Hekla: Iceland’s particularly active volcano developed a reputation as a gateway to Hell in the 12th century, after its 1104 eruption. Benedeit’s 1120 Anglo-Norman poem Voyage of St. Brendan mentions the volcano as the prison of Judas, the apostle who betrayed Jesus.

 

The Mayan Cenotes: The Maya certainly had some of the most picturesque entrances to the underworld. These natural underground waterways, located in Mexico and Central America, were thought to be the home of the rain god Chaak and portals to Xibalba, the afterlife. Caves were often seen as gateways to the afterlife in the Mayan worldview, literal passageways between the living world above and the realm below.

 

Mount Osore: The Europeans were hardly the only folks to believe that volcanoes marked the entrance to the underworld. Mount Osore, region filled with volcanic cauldrons located on the remote Shimokita Peninsula of Japan’s Honshu island, is literally named “Fear Mountain.”

 

 

__

 

Africa‘s Huge Hidden Ground Water Resources

 

Another reason for Ethiopia to tell Egypt to drill a well in the desert, or digg down into its pockets to pay for the precious Nile Water

 

Solutions to resolve the world’s water crisis may lay hidden underground. More than half the world’s population already depends on groundwater that is pumped from the pore spaces of rock formations, known as aquifers, which lie hidden below the Earth’s surface.

Scientists now say that Africa is sitting on a vast reservoir of groundwater.

Researchers from the British Geological Survey and University College London argue that the total volume of water in aquifers underground is 100 times the amount found on the surface.

The team have produced the most detailed map yet of the scale and potential of this hidden resource.

 

Continue reading…

 

Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa

 

________________________________________