አድዋን እያስራቡ ‘ክብረ በዓል?’ የአድዋው ድል የአክሱም ጽዮን ነው፤ ኮከቧም ጀግናው ራስ አሉላ ናቸው

👉 ገብርኤል 👉 ማርያም 😇 ኡራኤል 👉 ጊዮርጊስ 👉 ተክለ ሐይማኖት 👉 ዮሴፍ 👉 መድኃኔ ዓለም

❖❖❖ ራስ አሉላ እንግዳ ( አሉላ አባ ነጋ) ❖❖❖

👉 ” አባ ነጋ አሉላ ካሥመራ ቢነሳ

እንዳንበሳ ሆኖ እሳት እያገሳ

የችግር ምስጋና ባይነሳ

ቢቸግረው ጣሊያን አለ ፎርሳ ፎርሳ”

ራስ አሉላ በ፲፰፻፵፯/1847 በተምቤን ዙቁሊ ሚካኤል እንደተወለዱ ማሞ ውድነህ በ፲፱፻፹፯/1987 የዶጋሊ ጦርነትን 100ኛ ዓመት በማስመልከት በተዘጋጀው ልዩ የመታሰቢያ ታሪካዊ ጉባዔ ላይ ባቀረቡት ጽሁፍ ይገልፃሉ። በጊዜዉ የሚሠጠዉን ትምህርትም በዙቁሊ ሚካኤልም ከመምህር ወልደጊዮርጊስ እንደተማሩ ማሞ በጽሁፋቸዉ ገልፀዋል።

አሉላ ወዲ ቁቢ የጉርምስና ጊዜያቸዉን በአጼ ዮሐንስ አጎት በራስ አርአያ ድምፁ ቤት አሽከር በመሆን እንደጀመሩ ንጉሴ አየለ (ፕ/ር)“Ras Alula and Ethiopia’s Struggle Against Expansionism and Colonialism ፲፰፻፯፪–፲፰፻፺፯/1872-1897” በተሰኘ መጣጥፋቸው ገልጸዋል። እንደ ፕ/ር ንጉሴ ገለፃ ራስ አሉላ በስተኋላ ወደ ደጃዝማች በዝብዝ ካሳ (ኋላ አፄ ዮሐንስ ፬ተኛ) ቤት ከተዛወሩ በኋላ ሹመትን በሹመት በመደረብ ወደፊት ገሰገሱ። በመጀመሪያ እልፍኝ አስከልካይ ቀጥሎም አጋፋሪነትን ተሾሙ። በ፲፰፻፸፫/1873 ደጃዝማች ካሳ ንጉሰ ነገስት አጼ ዮሐንስ አራተኛ ሲባሉ አሉላ የሻለቅነትን ማዕረግና የንጉሱ ሊጋባነት ማዕረግን ደርበው ያዙ።

አሉላ ወዲ ቁቢ ሁለንተናቸው ስሁል፣ ንቁ እና አርቆ አሳቢ እንደነበሩ ብዙ ጸሐፊዎች፣በጦር ሜዳ ውሎ የሚያውቋቸው፣ በዲፕሎማሲያዊ ግንኙነት የሚውቋቸው ሁሉ ይመሰክራሉ። ዛሬ ላይ ሆነው ነገን የሚመረምሩ ከራስ በላይ ሀገርን የሚስቀድሙ የኢትዮጵያ የቁርጥ ቀን ልጅ ነበሩ አሉላ ወዲ ቁቢ። መርዕድ ወልደ አረጋይ (ፕ/ር) “Alula, Dogali and Ethiopian Unity” በሚል ጽሁፋቸው ከአሳዛኙ የአፄ ቴዎድሮስ የመቅደላ ፍፃሜ በፊትም ሆነ በኋላ አፄ ቴዎድሮስን የመሰለ አንድ ሰው ቢኖር አሉላ አባ ነጋ ብቻ ናቸው ይላሉ። እንደ ፕ/ር መርዕድ ገለፃ ከሆነ ራስ አሉላ ከአጼ ቴዎድሮስ ጋር በተክለ ሰውነት መመሳሰል ባለፈ በሰብዕና እና በአመለካከት እንዲሁም በአርቆ አሰተዋይነት እና በመንፈሳዊ ልዕልና ይመሳሰላሉ። ግብርን ለሀገር ጥንካሬ ከማዋል ባለፈ አንድ የጦር መሪ ከተራው ወታደር የተለየ መብላት እና መልበስ እንደሌለበትም ሁሉቱ የኢትዮጵያ ጅግኖች ተመሳስሎ እንደሆነ ፕ/ር መርዕድ ያስረዳሉ። ከዚሁ ጋር በተያያዘ ማሞ ውድነህ “The Life and Works of Alula Aba Nega” በሚለው መጣጥፋቸው አሉላ ወዲ ቁቢ በ፲፰፻፵፯/1847 እንደመወለዳቸው ስለ አፄ ቴዎድሮስ ጀግንነት እና ትልቅነት እየሰሙ ማደጋቸውን ያብራራሉ።

ራስ አሉላ ከነበራቸው የጦር ብልሀት እና እንዲሁም ደግሞ የተዋጣለት ዲፕሎማት መሆን የተነሳ በአፄ ዮሐንስ ፊት ሞገስ እና ክብር ነበራቸው። ለዛም ነው ከአሽከርነት እስከ ራስነት ሹመት የደረሱት። በታሪክ ዘመናቸው በዋናነት ለአፄ ዮሐንስ የቀኝ እጅ በመሆን በወቅቱ ንጉሱን ከገጠማቸው የስልጣን ሽኩቻ በተለይ ከጎጃም እና ከሸዋ ከማደላደል ባሻገር ከሶስት ዋና ዋና የኢትዮጵያ የወቅቱ ጠላቶች ጋር ተዋግተዋል።

ከህዳር ፲፮/16 ቀን ፲፰፻፸፭/1875 ከተደረገው የጉንደት ጦርነት እስከ የካቲት ፳፫/23 ቀን ፲፰፻፹፰/1888 ዓ/ም እስከተደረገው የዓድዋ ጦርነት ድረስ ራስ አሉላ አባ ነጋ አስራ ሁለት ጦርነቶችን ከውጭ ወራሪ ኃይሎች ጋር የተዋጉ ሲሆን በዋናነትም ከኦቶማን ግብጽ ተስፋፊዎች፣ ከማህዲስት የድርቡሽ ወራሪዎች እና ከጣሊያን ቅኝ ገዥዎች ጋር ያደረጓቸው ናቸው።

ስለ ራስ አሉላ አባ ነጋ ጀግንነት በርካታ ጸሐፍት ብዙ ብለዋል። ከነዚህ መካከል ኢጣሊያዊው ተርጋሊኖ ጋንዶልዬ ጽፎት በማሞ ውድነህ በተተረጎመው ” አሉላ አባ ነጋና የኢጣሊያ ሰላዮች” በተሰኘው ፅሁፍ ይህን ማራኪ የራስ አሉላ ቃል እናገኛለን…

” የኢትዮጵያን ወታደሮች አታውቃቸውም? እንደ ወፍ ይበራሉ! እንደሰስ ይሮጣሉ ወደ ጠላታቸው ምሽግ ለመገስገስ ከቶ አያመነቱም። እውነተኛውን የጀግንነት ሙያ በእውነተኛው ቦታ ላይ ያሳያሉ፤ ያስመሰክራሉ። ተራራና ገደል ወንዝና አሸዋ አያግዳቸውም። በመሬት ላይ ምን ቢሆን የእነርሱን ብርታት የሚፈታ ችግር የለም….”

አሉላ አባ ነጋው በ፲፰፻፹፱/1889 ዓ.ም በተወለዱ በሰባ አመታቸው አርፈው ዓድዋ በሚገኘው በዚህ የአባ ገሪማ ገዳም ተቀበሩ። የጣሊያን ጋዜጣም “ጎራዴውን ወደ እኛ እንደመዘዘ ወደአፎቱ ሳይመልሰው አሉላ ሞተ” ብሎ ዘገበ።

💭 ከእረፍታቸው በኋላም ህዝብ እንዲህ ሲል አንጎራጉሯል፤

እነዚህ ጣልያኖች እጅግ ተደሰቱ

የአሉላ ጎራዴ ሲበርድ ስለቱ

በሮም አደባባይ መድፍ ተተኮሰ

ምጽዋም ተሰምቶ መድፍ ተተኮሰ

አሥመራም ተሰምቶ መድፍ ተተኮሰ

የተደአሊ ደሙን ብድሩን መለሰ

ዓድዋ ያረረውን አንጀቱን አራሰ

አሉላ አባነጋ ክንዱን ተንተራሰ

ጣልያን እልል አለ የልቡ ደረሰ።

💭 ከአድዋው ድል በጥቂቱ ፹፭%/85% የሚሆነውን ድርሻ የሚወስደው ብዙ ያልተባለለትና ያልተዜመለት የትግራይ ሕዝብ እንደሆነ ዛሬ በግልጽ እያየነው ነው። ለመላው የዓለማችን ጥቁር ሕዝቦች ተስፋ እና ኩራት የሆነችው የአደዋ ከተማ በኢትዮጵያ ጠላት፣ በጥቁር ሕዝቦች ጠላት፣ በትግራይ ሕዝብ ጠላት፣ በተዋሕዶ ክርስትና ጠላት በአረመኔው ግራኝ አብዮት አህመድ አሊ ተደበደበች። ለወንጀሉ በጣም አሳሳቢ በሆነ መልክ ክብደት የሚሰጠው፤ አደዋ ዛሬ ድብደባውና ጭፍጨፋው የጣልያን ቅኝ በነበረችው ኤርትራ አማካኝነት መካሄዱ ነው። ከግራኝ አህመድ የከፋ አረመኔ አራት ኪሎ ቤተ መንግስት ውስጥ ተቀምጧል፤ ከበስተጀርባውም ቀላል የማይባል ቁጥር ያለው “ኢትዮጵያዊ ነኝ” ባይ ከሃዲ የኢትዮጵያ ጠላት ለድጋፍ መቆሙ ነው። ለመላው የጥቁር ሕዝቦች ተስፋና ኩራት የሆነችውን የአደዋን ከተማ እና ነዋሪዎቿን ለማጥፋት። እጅግ በጣም አስገራሚ ነው! እነ አሉላ አባ ነጋ እጅግ በጣም እያዘኑ ነው፤ እነ ቤኒቶ ሙስሎሊኒ ጮቤ እየረገጡ ነው።

ጠላት ልክ ከዘጠና፣ ከሃምሳና ከሰላሳ ዓመታት በፊት በዋቄዮ-አላህ የባርነትና ሞት ሥርዓትና አመራር ውስጥ የወደቀችዋ ምስኪኗ ኢትዮጵያ ሃገራችንን ወደ ገደል ሲመሯት እንደነበረው ዛሬም ወደ ጥልቁ ገደል የሚመሯት ከሃዲዎችም ጦርነቱን ወደ አክሱም/አድዋ በመውሰድ ልክ እንደ ያኔው ሕዝቡን ለመጨረስ፣ ተፈጥሮውን፤ ማለትም ውሃውን፣ ዛፉንና ሰብሉን ሁሉ በማጥፋትና በመበከል ላይ ናቸው፤ ገና ብዙ ሌላም ዲያብሎሳዊ ዕቅድ አላቸው። ግን፤ እነዚህ አረመኔዎች እራሳቸው አንድ በአንድ ያልቋታል እንጅ ህልማቸው ሁሉ በጭራሽ አይሳካላቸውም።

👉 እስከ ጥቅምት ፳፬/፪ሺ፲፫ ድረስ አድዋ፤ የጥቁር ህዝብ ኩራት ነበር

ትናንትና አድዋን ለማክበር ወደ አድዋ የሄዱትን ሁሉ እግራቸውን ያጠቡትን እናቶች እግራቸውን የቆረጠ፣ እንጀራ የስጡትን እናቶች እጃቸውን የቆረጠ ትውልድ እውነት ዛሬ አድዋን ሊያከብር ይገባዋልን? በጭራሽ!

👉 ሐቋን ዋጥ እናድርጋትና የዚህ ሁሉ አሳዛኝና አሳሳቢ ክስተት መንስዔ የሚከተለው ነው፦

❖❖❖[ኦሪት ዘዳግም ምዕራፍ ፴፪፥፮፡፳፫]❖❖❖

“ደንቆሮ ብልሃተኛም ያልሆንህ ሕዝብ ሆይ፥ ለእግዚአብሔር ይህንን ትመልሳለህ? የገዛህ አባትህ አይደለምን? የፈጠረህና ያጸናህ እርሱ ነው። የዱሮውን ዘመን አስብ፥ የብዙ ትውልድንም ዓመታት አስተውል፤ አባትህን ጠይቅ፥ ያስታውቅህማል፤ ሽማግሌዎችህን ጠይቅ፥ ይነግሩህማል። ልዑል ለአሕዛብ ርስታቸውን ባወረሰ ጊዜ፥ የአዳምን ልጆች በለየ ጊዜ፥ እንደ እስራኤል ልጆች ቍጥር የአሕዛብን ድንበር አቆመ። የእግዚአብሔር እድል ፈንታ ሕዝቡ ነው፤ ያዕቆብም የርስቱ ገምድ ነው። በምድረ በዳ በጥማት፥ የነፋስ ጩኸትም በሞላበት ውድማ አገኘው፤ ከበበው ተጠነቀቀለትም፤ እንደ ዓይን ብሌን ጠበቀው።

ንስር ጫጩቶቹን እንደሚያወጣ፥ በእነርሱም ላይ እንደሚሰፍፍ፥ ክንፎቹን ዘርግቶ ወሰዳቸው፥ በክንፎቹም አዘላቸው። እግዚአብሔር ብቻውን መራው፤ ከእርሱም ጋር ሌላ አምላክ አልነበረም። በምድር ከፍታ ላይ አወጣው፤ የእርሻውን ፍሬ በላ፤ ከዓለትም ድንጋይ በሚገኝ ማር፥ ከጭንጫውም ድንጋይ በሚገኝ ዘይት አጠባው፤ የላሙንም ቅቤ፥ የመንጋውም ወተት፥ ከጠቦት ስብ ጋር፥ የባሳንንም አውራ በግ፥ ፍየሉንም፥ ከስንዴ እሸት ጋር በላህ፤ ከወይኑም ደም ያለውን ጠጅ ጠጣህ። ይሹሩን ወፈረ፥ ረገጠ፤ ወፈረ፥ ደነደነ፥ ሰባ፤ የፈጠረውንም እግዚአብሔርን ተወ፤ የመድኃኒቱንም አምላክ ናቀ። በሌሎች አማልክት አስቀኑት፥ በርኵሰታቸውም አስቈጡት። እግዚአብሔር ላልሆኑ አጋንንት፥ ለማያውቋቸውም አማልክት፥ በቅርብ ጊዜ ለተነሡ ለአዲሶች አባቶቻቸውም ላልፈሩአቸው አማልክት ሠዉ። የወለደህን አምላክ ተውህ፥ ያሳደገህን እግዚአብሔርን ረሳህ። ወንዶችና ሴቶች ልጆችም ስላስቈጡት እግዚአብሔር አይቶ ጣላቸው። እርሱም አለ። ፊቴን እሰውርባቸዋለሁ፤ ፍጻሜያቸው ምን እንደ ሆነ አያለሁ፤ ጠማማ ትውልድ፥ ያልታመኑም ልጆች ናቸው። አምላክ ባልሆነው አስቀኑኝ፤ 3 ቍ.15፤ በዕብራይስጥ ይሹሩን የሚለውን ግዕዙ ያዕቆብ ይለዋል። በምናምንቴዎቻቸውም አስቈጡኝ፤ እኔም ሕዝብ ባልሆነው አስቀናቸዋለሁ፤ በማያስተውል ሕዝብ አስቈጣቸዋለሁ። እሳት ከቍጣዬ ትነድዳለችና፥ እስከ ሲኦል ድረስ ታቃጥላለች፥ ምድርንም ከፍሬዋ ጋር ትበላለች፥ የተራሮችን መሠረት ታነድዳለች። መከራን እጨምርባቸዋለሁ፤ በፍላጾቼም እወጋቸዋለሁ።”

ይህ ከብዙ ዘመናት በፊት የእስራኤል ልጆች ለእግዚአብሔር የተለዩና የተቀደሱ ተብለው የእርሱን ስምና ክብር የወረሱበት የህይወት ህግና ሥርዓት አሁን ላለን ለእኛ ለኢትዮጵያውያን የሚያስተላልፍልን መለኮታዊ ሀሳብ፤ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ እንደ እስራኤል ልጆች ሁሉ ኢትዮጵያውያንንም የ”እኔ” ብሎ “ልጆቼ” ያላቸው በምድር አፈር በኩል በተግለጠው ህግና ሥርዓት በኩል ነበር።

ኢትዮጵያውያን ልክ እንደ እስራኤል ልጆች ሁሉ ይህን “እግዚአብሔር” ብለው የወረሱትን የተፈጥሮ ህግ ካፈረሱና ከጣሱ እንዲሁም ለእነርሱ ያልሆኑት የአህዛብን አማልክት በምድሪቱ ውስጥ ሲያጥኑና ሲያመልኩ ከተገኙ እነርሱም ለእስራኤል ልጆች እንደተነገራቸው ቃል ሁሉ በሞትና በባርነት ፍርድ ከተቀደሰችው ምድር ይነቀላሉ። እግዚአብሔር አምላክ የእስራኤልን ልጆች በተናገረበት ቃል ሁሉ ደግሞ ኢትዮጵያውያንን ተናግሯልና።

በዚህም መለኮታዊ ቃል መጠን የተገለጠውና ለተቀደሰችው ምድር ለኢትዮጵያ ጥፋትና ሞት የሆነው ትውልድ ደግሞ የአፄ ምኒልክ ትውልድ ይሆናል ማለት ነው። ለዚህ ታላቅ የሕይወትና የነጻነት የበረከትና የገዥነት ኪዳን መፍረስ ዋናው ተጠያቂው ይህ ደካማ ትውልድ ነው። ያን ታላቅና ሊነገር የማይችል ፅኑ ፍቅር በብዙ ተዓምራቶችና በብዙ ድንቆች ያየና የተመለከተ ህዝብ ነው ያን የሕይወት ኪዳን ሽሮ የሊሎችን/የአህዛብን አማልክት ለመተልና ለማምለክ ወደ ኋላው የተመለሰው። የአድዋ የነፃነት ተጋድሎ ብቻ ስለዚህ የህወትና የነጻነት የገዥነትና የበረከት ኪዳን ኃይልና ስልጣን እጅግ ብዙ ነገር ነበረው። አሸናፊ፣ አዳኝ፣ ገዥ እንዳልሆነ በዚያም የጥፋ ህግ ምንም ዓይነት በረከትም ይሁን የነጻነትና ህይወት እንደሌለ እግዚአብሔር አምላክ ሊዋሽ በማይችል ምስክር በዓለም ሁሉ ፊት በምድርና በሰማይ በዚህ ህዝብ ላይ አስመስሮበታል። ይሁን እንጅ ለመመለስ የተጸጸተ ትውልድ አልነበረም።

በኢትዮጵያ ታሪክ ባልታየውና እጅት ታላቅ በተባለለት በዛ ጽኑ የረሀብ ዘመን ኢትዮጵያውያን የሚላስና የሚቀመስ አጥተው ሲቅበዘበዙ ምግብና መጠጥ ሆኖ ያዳናቸውን፣ በምድረ በዳም ተዘግተው በቅኝ ግዛት ሊገዛቸው በፊታቸው ከተገለጠው እጅግ አስፈሪ የሞትና የጥፋት መንግስት የተነሳ የሚታደጋቸው አንድ ሰው አጥተው በሞት ፍርሀት ታስረው ሲታወኩና ሲጨነቁ ሳሉ በሚደነቅ ምህረት በብዙ ፍቅር በመካከላቸው ተገኝቶ ያጽናናቸውን፣ በዘመናዊ የጦር መሳሪያ በእጅጉ የተደራጀውን በወታደራዊ ዕውቀትና ጥበብም የተካነውንና ሊሸነፍ አይችልም የተባለውን ግዙፉን የኢጣልያንን ጦር በተዘረጋች ክንድ በበረታችም እጅግ ፅኑ እጅ ስብርብሩን አውጥቶ በፊታቸው ያባረረላቸውን፣ ገዳዩን ገድሎ፣ አሳሪውን አስሮ ፣ አጥፊውን አጥፍቶ ፣ በዓለም ሁሉ ላይ እጅግ የገነነውን ሁሉን ገዥ ስምና ክብር የሰጣቸውን የአባቶቻቸውን አምላክ የሰራዊት ሁሉ ጌታ እግዚአብሔርን ያ ትውልድ በአይኑ አይቷል፤ ተመልክቷልም። ኢትዮጵያውያንም ብቻ ሳይሆኑ ዓለም ሁሉ አይቶታል ተመልክቶታል። ያ የእግዚአብሔር ድንቅ ፍቅር የቀመሰ ትውልድ ነው እንግዲህ የእግዚአብሔርን ኪዳን አፍርሶ ለእርሱ ላልሆኑ ለአህዛብ አማልክት ሊያጥንና ሊሰግድ ራሱን ለሞትና ለባርነት አሳልፎ የሰጠው። ምንም እንኳ በተደጋጋሚ ቢናገራቸውም መልሰው ለኃጢአት ባሪያ እንደሚሆኑት እንደ እስራኤል ልጆች ሁሉ ኢትዮጵያውያንም የእግዚአብሔርን እጅግ ታላቅ ውለታና ፍቅር ረስተውና አቅልለው በፊቱ ታላቅ ርኩሰትን አደረጉ።

የእግዚአብሔር ቃል ለዚህ ታላቅ ቅሌትና አመጻ ተጠያቂ ያደረገው ደግሞ በዋናነት “ይሹሩን” በማለት የገለጸውን በዚያ ህዝብና መንግስት ላይ ኃይልና ስልጣን ያላውን አለቃ ወይም መሪ ነው። ይሹሩን በማለት ሙሴ የገለጸው በእርግጥ ለአስራ ሁለቱ ነገደ እስራኤል አባትና አለቃ የሆነውን ያዕቆብን ነው። አስራ ሁለቱ ነገዶች እንደመንግስታን እንደ ሀገር የተመሰረቱት በአባታቸው በያዕቆብ እስራኤል በሚለው ስምና ክብር ነበርና። ይሹሩን የያዕቆብ ሌላው ስም ነው። እንደ ሙሴ አገላለጽም ይሁን እንደ ህጉ አንድ ለእግዚአብሔር ስምና ክብር የተመረጠ ህዝብ ለጥፋት በሚሆን የሞትና የባርነት ህግ የሚያዘው በዚያ ህዝብ ላይ ኃይልና ስልጣን ባለው አንድ ሰው አለመታዘዝ ምክኒያት ነው። የዛ ህዝብ ማንነትና ምንነት በመሪው ማንነትና ምንነት የሚገለጽ ስለሆነ የመሪው ጥፋት ማለት በሌላ አባባል የዚያ ትውልድ/ህዝብ ጥፋት ማለት ይሆናል። ልክ ዛሬ እንደምናየው!

ለተቀደሰችው ምድር ርኩሰት፣ ለታላቋና ለገናናዋ ሀገር ለኢትዮጵያ ጥፋትና ውድቀት በዋናነት ተጠያቂ የሚሆኑት በእግዚአብሔር ስምና ክብር ተመርጠው “ሞዓ አንበሳ እም ዘነገደ ይሁዳ ምኒልክ ስዩመ እግዚአብሔር ንጉሰ ነገስት ዘ-ኢትዮጵያ” ተብለው የነገሱት አፄ ምኒልክ ናቸው። (ልብ እንበል! አፄ ምኒልክ በአክሱም ጽዮን ተቀብተው ያልነገሱ ብቸኛው የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሥ ናቸው)። አፄ ምኒልክ ከአደዋው ድል በኋላ ለድሉ ያበቃቸውን አምላካቸውንና ጽዮን ማርያምን በመካድ ከእግዚአብሔር ጋር የነበራቸውን የህይወት ኪዳን አፍርሰው የጥፋትና የሞት የባርነት አማልክት ማንነትና ምንነት በመትከላቸው ለኢትዮጵያ ጥፋትንና ውድቀትን አስከትለዋል። ውጤቱን ዛሬ እያየነው ነው!

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Tigray Crisis: A Conversation With General Tsadkan Gebretensae, Tigray Defense Force Central Command

💭 ከትግራይ መከላከያ ሰራዊት ማዕከላዊ እዝከ ጄነራል ጻድቃን ገብረ ትንሳኤ ጋር የተደረገ ውይይት

✞✞✞[ትንቢተ ኢዮኤል ምዕራፍ ፪፥፩፡፫]✞✞✞

“የእግዚአብሔር ቀን መጥቶአልና፥ እርሱም ቀርቦአልና በጽዮን መለከትን ንፉ፥ በቅዱሱም ተራራዬ ላይ እሪ በሉ፤ በምድርም የሚኖሩ ሁሉ ይንቀጥቀጡ፤ የእግዚአብሔር ቀን መጥቶአልና፤ የጨለማና የጭጋግ ቀን፥ የደመናና የድቅድቅ ጨለማ ቀን ነው፤ ታላቅና ብርቱ ሕዝብ በተራሮች ላይ እንደ ወገግታ ተዘርግቶአል፤ ከዘላለምም ጀምሮ እንደ እነርሱ ያለ አልነበረም፥ ከእነርሱም በኋላ እስከ ብዙ ትውልድ ድረስ እንደ እነርሱ ያለ ከእንግዲህ ወዲህ አይሆንም። እሳት በፊታቸው ትባላለች፥ በኋላቸውም ነበልባል ታቃጥላለች፤ ምድሪቱ በፊታቸው እንደ ዔድን ገነት፥ በኋላቸውም የምድረ በዳ በረሃ ናት፤ ከእነርሱም የሚያመልጥ የለም።”

General Tsadqan Gebretensae is a key member of the Tigrayan Defence Forces Command and widely regarded as one of Africa’s best military thinkers and strategists.

“ጄኔራል ፃድቃን ገብር ትንሳኤ የትግራይ መከላከያ ሀይል አዛዥ ቁልፍ አባል ሲሆኑ ከአፍሪካ ምርጥ ወታደራዊ አዋቂዎች እና ስልተኞች መካከል አንዱ እንደሆኑ በሰፊው የሚታወቁ ናቸው።”

ኤዶማውያኑ ምዕራባውያን ላለፉት ስምንት ወራት የሚካሄደውን የዘር ማጥፋት ጦርነት በቃል ከማውገዛቸው በቀር ምንም ሊያደርጉ ያልቻሉበት ዋናው ምክኒያት የጽዮንን እና የጽላተ ሙሴን ኃይል ዓይተው ለማረጋገጥ ስለሚፈልጉ ነው። ለአብዛኛዎቹ የሕዝቡ መሰቃየት እና ማለቅ ብዙም አያሳስባቸውም። አሁን አንድ በአንድ እየወጡ ልክ ራስ አሉላና በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ሲያሞካሿቸው እንደነበረው ጄነራል ፃድቃንንም በማሞካሸት ላይ ናቸው። አዎ! በዘመነ ደርግና በባድሜው ጦርነትም ‘ልታይ ልታይ’ ሳይሉ በደንብ አስመስክረዋል። አሁን ደግሞ “ዳግማዊ አሉ አባ ነጋ” የሚለውን በጣም ልዩ የሆነ ክብር ለማግኘት ወደ አዲስ አበባ በማምራት የአረመኔውን ግራኝ አብዮት አህመድ አሊንና ጭፍሮቹን አንገት ቆርጠው ወደ አክሱም ማምጣት አለባቸው፤ ለጽዮን ልጆች ስቃይና ሰቆቃ ብሎም ለአፄ ዮሐንስ መበቀል አለባቸው። ነፍሳቸውን ይማረውና ጄነራል ሰዓረ ግራኝን በእሳት ጠረገው የሽግግር መንግስት ማቋቋም ነበረባቸው።

💭 የምኒልክ ኢትዮጵያ አራት ትውልዶች በኢትዮጵያ መናኽሪያ በአዲስ አበባ ኃውልት ወይም መታሰቢያ ጎዳና እንኳን ያላቆሙላቸው/ያልሰየሙላቸው ጀግናው ራስ አሉላ አባ ነጋ ቀዳማዊ በወቅቱ እንግሊዞች ሳይቀሩ “ከሃኒባል በኋላ የተፈጠረ ጀግና ጥቁር ጄኔራል አሉላ ብቻ ነው” ብለው ሲያደንቋቸው ነበር።

(የቀይ ባህሩ አንበሳ አሉላ አባ ነጋ በጎልማሳነታቸው)

አሉላ አባ ነጋ ትግራይ ውስጥ በተንቤን አውራጃ መናዌ በምትባል መንደር እንግዳ ቁቤ ከተባሉ ገበሬ ነው የተወለዱት። በወጣትነታቸው በሚያሳዩት ጀግንነት የአጼ ዮሃንስን የዚያን ጊዜውን ካሳ ምርጫን ትኩረት ስበው ነበር።

አሉላ በቅድሚያ ጀግነታቸውን ያስመሰከሩት ጉንደትና ጉራዕ በዋለው ጦርነት ለወረራ የመጡትን ግብጾች ለነጋሪም እንዳይተርፉ ከጨረሷቸው በሁኣዋላ ነው። ከዚህም ድል በሁዋላ በ፴፭/ 35 ዓመታቸው ራስ ሆነው ተሾሙ። የመረብ ምላሽ ገዥም ሆኑ። የአስመራን ከተማም ቆረቆሯት በዚህን ጊዜ ነው። ቁልቁል ወደ ቀይ ባህር እየተመለከቱም ኢትዮጵያን ለመውረር ለሚመጣ ጠላት ሁሉ መቅሰፍት ሆኑት።

በኩፊት ጦርነትም ማህዲስቶችን ድል አድርገው ለእንግሊዞች በር ከፍተውላቸዋል።(ሁኣላ ቢክዱንም) በዚህ የተናደዱት አሉላ የእንግሊዙን ተወካይ አውጉስቶስ ዋይልዴን ሲያገኙት “ አገርህ እንግሊዝ ምን ማለቷ ነው የሄዊትን ስምምነት ጥሳ ጣልያን ያገሬን መሬት ልትወስድ የፈቀደችው? ከቦጎስ የግብጾችን መከበብ ተዋግቼ ነጻ አላወጣሁም? ከሰላ ላይ ኣስቸጋሪውን ጦርነት አልተጋፈጥሁም? የምችለውን ሁሉ አላደረግሁም? እናንተ እንግሊዞች እናንተ የምትፈልጉትን ካደረግንላችሁ በሁዋላ ተዋችሁን (ካዳችሁን) ”ሲሉ በንዴት ገልጸዋል።

(What does England mean by destroying Hewett’s treaty and allowing the Italians to take my country from me? …Did I not relieve the Egyptian garrison in the Bogos country? Did I not fight at Cassala when it was too late? Have I not done everything I could? You English used us to do what you wanted and then left us)

ከእንግሊዝ ክህደት በሁዋላ ኢትዮጵያን ሊወር ተጠናክሮ የመጣውን የኢጣልያ ሰራዊት ሰሃጢ ላይ አድክመው ዶጋሊ ላይ ጨረሱት። በዚህ ጦርነት ፬፻/400 የጣሊያን ወታደርና ፳፪/22 መኮንኖችን በመግደል ጠላትን አሸማቀውታል። የኢትዮጵያውያን ጀግንነት የታየበትና የጥቁር ዘር ሁሉ የኮራበት፤ የበላይነት የሚሰማቸው የነበሩ ነጮችም ልካቸውን ያወቁበት ታላቁ የአድዋ ድል ጉልህ ድርሻ የአሉላ አባ ነጋ ነው። ጠርጣራውና የጠላትን ተንኮል አጥርተው የሚያውቁት አሉላ በሰላዮቻቸው ባገኙት መረጃ ነበር ጣልያን የተፈጠመው። አዋዕሎምና ጓደኞቻቸው የኢጣልያንን መንቀሳቀስ፣ የመጣበትንም አቅጣጫ፣ የጦሩንም አይነትና መጠን ለራስ አሉላ መረጃ ሰጡ። አውጉስቶ ዋይልድ ስለ ራስ አሉላ የአድዋ ጦርነት አስተዋጾ የሚከተለውን ብሏል፦

“The Abysssinians never expected to be attacked, and the Italian advance would have been a complete surprise, had it not been for Ras Aloula, who never believed the Italian officials, and would never trust them. Two of his spies observed the Italians leave Entiscio, and arrived by a circuitous route, and informed Ras Aloula, who was one mile to the north of Adi-Aboona, that the enemy was on the march to Adowa. The Ras immediately informed King Menelik and the other leaders, and the Abyssinians prepared for battle, sending out strong scouting parties in all directions in front of their positions towards Entiscio. During the battle itself, Ras Alula was assigned to watch the Gasgorie Pass and block the arrival of Italian reinforcements coming from Adi Quala“

❖ ያኔ በራስ አሉላ መሪነት የጽዮን ልጆች በአድዋ የተቀዳጁትም ድል ሆነ ዛሬ በእነ ጄነራል ጻድቃን የሚመራው የጽዮን ሠራዊት እያስመዘገበው ያለው ድል ሦስት ቁልፍ የሆኑ ነገሮችን ይጠቁሙናል፦

፩ኛ. ድሉ ሁሌ የእግዚአብሔር መሆኑን፤ በጽዮን ማርያም እናታችን እርዳታ የተገኘ ድል መሆኑን

፪ኛ. የኤርትራ፣ የኦሮሞ፣ የአማራ እና የሶማሌ አህዛብ ወታደሮች በአክሱም ጽዮን ሰማዕታት ላይ ጭፍጨፋ ያደረጉት ጽላተ ሙሴን ለማውጣት ባለመቻላቸው ስልተናደዱ ነበር። እንግዲህ ጽላቱን ወደ ደቡብ ኢትዮጵያ ለመውሰድ አለመቻላቸውንና ተልዕኳቸውም አለመሳካቱን ይጠቁመናል።

፫ኛ. ኢትዮጵያዊ ያለሆነው የኦሮሞ፣ የአማራ፣ የሶማሌ ሰአራዊቶች እና የኤሚራቶች ድሮኖች በህብረት የተሳተፉበትን አንድ ሚሊየን የሰው ኃይል ያካተተውን ይህን የጭፍጨፋ ጦርነት በድል ሊቀዳጅ የሚችለው ጽላተ ሙሴን በእጁ፣ በደሙ እና መቅኒው ውስጥ የያዘ፣ ጽዮን ማርያምንና ቅዱሳኑን ለእርዳታ መጥራት የሚችል ሠራዊት ብቻ መሆኑን ይጠቁመናል።

👉 የአሜሪካ ሆሊውድ ፊልም ሰሪዎችን አባባል ልጥቀስና፤ “ጽላተ ሙሴን የያዘ የአንድ ሃገር ሠራዊት በዓለም ኃያሉ ሠራዊት ነው!!!”

☆ Raiders of the Lost Ark (CIA Meeting)

„An Army That Carries The Ark Before it… is Invincible„

❖Soldier of Zion | የጽዮን ወታደር❖

👉 ፈሪሃ እግዚአብሔር ያለው ክርስቲያን ሠራዊት ሁሌ ያሸንፋል!

✞✞✞[መዝሙረ ዳዊት ምዕራፍ ፸፯]✞✞✞

፩ ሕዝቤ ሆይ፥ ሕጌን አድምጡ፤ ጆሮአችሁንም ወደ አፌ ቃል አዘንብሉ።

፪ አፌን በምሳሌ እከፍታለሁ፤ ከቀድሞ ጀምሮ፥ ያለውንም ተምሳሊት እናገራለሁ።

፫ የሰማነውንና ያውቅነውን፥ አባቶቻችንም የነገሩንን፥ ለሚመጣ ትውልድ ከልጆቻቸው አልሰወሩም።

፬ የእግዚአብሔርን ምስጋናና ኃይሉን ያደረገውንም ተኣምራት ተናገሩ።

፭ ለልጆቻቸው ያስታውቅ ዘንድ ለአባቶቻችን ያዘዘውን ምስክር በያዕቆብ አቆመ፥ በእስራኤልም ሕግን ሠራ፤

፮ የሚመጣ፥ ትውልድ የሚወለዱም ልጆች ያውቁ ዘንድ፥ ተነሥተው ለልጆቻቸው ይነግራሉ፤

፯ ተስፋቸውን በእግዚአብሔር እንዲያደርጉ፥ የእግዚአብሔርንም ሥራ እንዳይረሱ፥ ትእዛዙንም እንዲጠብቁ፤

፰ እንደ አባቶቻቸው እንዳይሆኑ ጠማማና የምታስመርር ትውልድ፥ ልብዋን ያላቀናች ትውልድ፥ ነፍስዋ በእግዚአብሔር ዘንድ ያልታመነች።

👉 Will the ceasefire between Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) and the Ethiopian government’s bring lasting peace to Ethiopia?

Editor’s note: General Tsadqan Gebrretnnssaye is a key member of the Tigrayan Defence Forces Command and widely regarded as one of Africa’s best military thinkers and strategists. He was a former top Ethiopian army general. He is widely-regarded as one of the masterminds of Operation Alula which in late June 2021 led to major reversals for the Ethiopian army in Tigray. In this interview, conducted in Tigray on 6 July by The Elephant, General Tsadqan spells out his views on peace and the way forward for Ethiopia.

The Elephant: What is the context of what is happening in Tigray?

General Tsadqan: I don’t need to go back to the horrendous atrocities that have been committed against the people of Tigray by invading forces of Isaias and Abiy, but after the offensive, after what has happened recently, the Ethiopian government is in my opinion living in an illusion. It is an illusion that has been created by themselves. They tried to deny the reality on the ground. They tried to cheat the world by saying they have declared a unilateral ceasefire while they have been defeated. We decimated two brigades of their forces which were running away from Mekelle, so this nonsense of unilateral ceasefire is a drama that has been created by themselves. Instead, they should recognize the realities on the ground and come with a realistic solution. You cannot have a ceasefire at a time when you have already blocked every movement of goods and services. Ethiopian Airlines is not flying to Mekelle, there is no telephone, there is no internet, there is no power, there is no road transport, humanitarian aid has been blocked. He cannot talk about any unilateral ceasefire while trying to strangle the whole people of Tigray.

So, I think I would like the international community to understand the situation we are in. We have been very much restrained because we don’t want to be seen as if we are not accepting a political solution. The whole problem is not only in Tigray but in the whole of Ethiopia. We know the Government forces are almost finished but at the same time we are restraining ourselves for a realistic political solution to the whole problem. I would like the international community to understand this situation, that is the message I have now.

The Elephant: You were a part of the group that mediated between the PM and the TPLF before war broke out, what led you to break off that role?

General Tsadqan: You are right, myself and a group of prominent political individuals in Ethiopia have been trying to mediate. The basis of the interaction we had was to accept the existing Constitution of Multinational Federalism and resolve any other issue apart from it. In my interaction with the PM, it was very clear that he was looking for; (A) dismantling the Multinational Federalism, which brought Ethiopia together and (B) he was looking for a solution that is not a political peaceful solution but preparing himself for war. That was very clear for me in our last meetings. So I had to make a choice. I knew that the political solution to Tigray would not come, in my interactions with him. I was interacting with the President of Tigray, Debretsion Gebremichael. On the part of Tigray, I saw willingness to resolve the issue, as long as the Multinational Federal Constitutional Arrangement is respected. That was not the case with Dr Abiy Ahmed, so I had to take a position. And at the same time, there was no other choice. The Ethiopian Government invited foreign forces to invade our country, so the choice was either to surrender to foreign forces or Abiy’s forces, or join the resistance. I chose the latter.

The Elephant: Those final meetings you had with the PM, when was that, 2019 or 2020?

General Tsadqan: I think it was 2020. It was not 2019. We had several, we had some meetings earlier, precisely around three major meetings, but the last one was in 2020.

The Elephant: When did you specifically join the armed resistance?

General Tsadqan :It was after November.

The Elephant: Could you explain the relationship btw the TPLF, the TDF, the Government of Tigray and your position now?

General Tsadqan: The TPLF is the ruling party, the TDF is a word that has been coined, not in a negative sense but in a positive sense, during the resistance. The whole resistance is led by the Government of Tigray, not the TPLF, as a ruling party it might have its say but the resistance is led by the Government, the duly elected Government of Tigray. The Government of Tigray has established a Central Command which decides on all issues related to war and peace, all issues: political, diplomatic, military, economic issues, this body is chaired by the President of Tigray, Dr. Debretsion, and the military effort is one aspect of the resistance. I serve as a member of the Central Command in the structure that I have described, so the TPLF is the ruling party, the Government of Tigray is the one leading the resistance, through a structure called the Central Command that decides on all issues related to peace and war. The TDF, the Tigrayan Defense Forces, is an element in the whole structure that is being commanded by the Central Command. Below the Central Command there is a structure called the Military Command, the Military Command specifically directs and commands operations in the army. This is the arrangement.

The Elephant: Were you expecting to win control of Tigray so soon or even at all, did it come as a surprise to you?

General Tsadqan: No, it didn’t come as a surprise to me. In fact, I am on public record even before the war started telling people, you know, of all regions, the Region of Tigray is a region which shall not head for war but at same time is not scared of war. I know the history, I know the potential, when this thing started it was very clear that the most senior, most highly experienced commanders are from Tigray, which has been the backbone of the Ethiopian armed forces for the last thirty years, highly experienced because most of them have gone through two major wars, I very much know the military tradition of Tigray, so when you combine those two elements, highly experienced and skillful commanders and a society with a very deep military tradition, it only takes a short period of time to reorganize and regain control. That’s exactly what happened.

At the same time, this has been facilitated by the atrocities committed by the enemies of Tigray, that created a widespread opposition and dedicated of the youngsters to finish all this within a short period of time. When all those things came together, given the experience we had, we had to organize the fighting units, train the fighting units, and it was clear for us that when we get some time, we will create a very formidable fighting machine, and that’s what has happened.

The Elephant: how many POWs do you currently have?

General Tsadqan: I might miss some of the information, the latest information I have before five days is around more than 8000, the prisoners of war kept increasing, they might have increased a little bit. But that is the figure I know.

The Elephant: Do you want to say about plans for treatment of these POWs?

General Tsadqan: No, I don’t think there is anything in particular, I know my colleagues are in touch with the ICRC, and will handle them according to international law.

The Elephant: What is the current humanitarian situation? What actions are you hoping the International Community will take?

General Tsadqan: As has been described by the international media several times and by UN Agencies, the humanitarian situation is extremely dire. The Ethiopian Government is trying to aggravate this by blocking any connection with Sudan and any other corridor. Even they have blocked air communications. So the Government of Tigray and the Central Command have decided, I think it has been communicated, we are ready to accept any humanitarian assistance, ready to facilitate anything that the U.N. or any humanitarian assistance agencies would like to have, security, we will provide security to the areas we control, more than 90 percent of Tigray, we will comply with their requirements, so my message is, there is a huge need for humanitarian assistance and we are ready to accept any assistance, if the international community means business, let them come and do what is required to save lives in Tigray.

The Elephant: what will happen if the PM continues to refuse humanitarian access to your region?

General Tsadqan: Not only resisting humanitarian assistance to our region, but if he continues to do the way they are acting, that is, strangling Tigray, blocking power, electricity, internet, air transport, land transport, not only humanitarian assistance but to civilians as well, I think the Government of Tigray and the resistance in Tigray will be required to break its restraint, restraint from military activities, we know we have the capacity, we have increased our capacity, we know we can do what it takes to pressurize the government so if they continue behaving like the way they are doing, playing games, and trying to deceive the world with their illusions, the first consequence will be continuation of operations. We will be left with no other alternative except to resolve it militarily. We would like it to be resolved peacefully but if there is no other choice, then the next choice will be, try to resolve it militarily, and we know we are capable of doing that.

The Elephant: What is your timeline for that option?

General Tsadqan: No, I’m afraid to comment on this. We are watching the situation seriously.

The Elephant: are you prepared to negotiate peace with Abiy and with the Eritrean leader Isaias?

General Tsadqan: I think that’s an issue that we have to deal with when it comes. We have made our points clear on the last declaration of what we mean by a negotiated ceasefire, we have clearly indicated that we are for a negotiated ceasefire. In a negotiated ceasefire, issues are raised and we discuss to resolve them, but the process has to start.

The Elephant: Do you have anything to add to the conditions for the negotiated ceasefire that TPLF released on Sunday?

General Tsadqan: No, I was part of the Central Command that drafted that list and I’m happy with it.

The Elephant: Do you have any message for Ethiopians as a whole?

General Tsadqan: I would like to say it’s very sad that our country Ethiopia is in such a situation. We were forced to act the way we did, because of the Central Government in Ethiopia, is in our opinion directed by Asmara, by Isaias, Isaias’ security forces, intelligence forces are operating in Ethiopia day and night. I hate this kind of situation to prevail in Ethiopia, but at the same time, it is sad to see that Ethiopians are just accepting the behavior of the Central Government, but I would like to say that even though so many atrocities have been committed, it’s not led to resolve our issue peacefully and politically. So, when Ethiopians come out of the illusion that the Prime Minister has created, the reality on the ground is completely different, let Eritreans get out, not only from Tigray, but from all of Ethiopia. Let Ethiopians set their own trajectory themselves.

Eritrea has a heavy hand, heavy presence not only in Tigray but in Addis Ababa and all over Ethiopia as well.

The Elephant: What are the battlefield developments, status of Western Tigray?

General Tsadqan: It’s very clear that Amhara forces are in Western Tigray, it’s obvious that they are preparing to face us. So, we’ll handle it the way they would like to handle it.

The Elephant: Does that mean you are waiting for them to act, you’re not going to push it?

General Tsadqan: No, I didn’t say anything, it is a military situation and we will see the situation and act according to what is warranted militarily for us

The Elephant: have the ENDF and Amhara forces retreated to other side of Tekezze River?

General Tsadqan: They have already blown up bridges, it is very clear that it’s a continuation of the policy of Abiy Ahmed to strangle Tigray and take away a Constitutionally recognized geographic region of Tigray to another area. So, they are preparing themselves across the river. That, we know.

The Elephant: Do you see the capture of Mekelle as a turning point that will lead to a speedy end to conflict or is it opening up a new front in the war, in the north and west?

General Tsadqan: It all depends upon the central government of Ethiopia and its partner Isaias, it could be, it’s very clear that they cannot win the war. The capture of Mekelle and the defeat of the Ethiopian army clearly shows if there was any doubt, that they cannot win this war. On the other hand, the people of Tigray have been under huge atrocities of all kinds, have stood and resisted. The war will continue growing. Even the military experience and the political nature of the just cause of the war, it will keep on growing. So the capture of Mekelle would signal a huge political message to Abiy, to come to his senses and then resolve the political situation not only in Tigray but in all of Ethiopia peacefully, sooner. It has signaled that he cannot get his way by force, that is what he wanted, he could not, he mobilized not only his forces but other forces as well, he mobilized all of the army of Eritrea, he mobilized the technological capacity of the UAE, that did not work. So, for us, we were not craving for war. We wanted a peaceful solution from the very beginning. And it is now after the defeat of Abiy’s forces we are saying, let’s have a negotiated ceasefire. But Abiy and the Amhara elites can resist this, can say no, we’ll have our way by military means, if that is their choice, we’ll see. So it all depends on how they will react. The sooner they come out of their illusion that they have created, that they are riding victory after victory, it will be better for all of Ethiopia and Tigray as well. As long as they live with that illusion, and trying to mobilize innocent peasants and bringing them as cannon fodder to the new fronts that have been created in southern and western Tigray, then the war will continue.

The Elephant: Are there any splits within TPLF, on any topics such as engaging the government, or are you pretty united?

General Tsadqan: Pretty united. Obviously, there are different opinions on how the political situation should be resolved, and resolved once and for a durable period of time. But that is for Tigrayans to discuss among themselves and resolve. That is the situation. On the issue of you know defeating the invaders, and coming to a lasting political situation, there is complete unity.

The Elephant: is there anything you would like to share about journey of your life, as someone who fought against Dergue and toppled it?

General Tsadqan: I would like to say that I am a product of the people of Tigray. The struggle and the pain that the people of Tigray have went through have created people like me, not only me, several like me. So, when all these things are done, I hope some people will have a lot of time, I will have time as well, to go through all this. But for the time being, as I said, I am the product of the struggle and the pain of the people of Tigray.

Thank you very much.

Source

_______________________________________

AXUM PEACE ACCORD: A Reality Fantasy

This article is part of the blog series,”Rethinking Peace in Ethiopia” reflections on aspects of peace in Ethiopia.

Introductory note

The present ‘reality fantasy’ (Stephen Tyler) is based on the knowledge that a paragon – an excellent example – is well suited to serve as a model for action. In this light, a paragon for peace making in the Horn of Africa may well be a peace ceremony held 1993 at Arbore, southern Ethiopia.

Blunting spears

At the event seven different ethnic groups met to make peace in southern Ethiopia.

Breaking spears

Initiator of this peace ceremony was one of the political leaders of the Arbore, Grazmach Surra Gino. He called on all warring groups to attend, enlisted the help of local administrations and NGOs for hosting the participants, and also invited scholars from the South Omo Research Center to witness and report about the event. This is what he said to me:

“German son, people are all the same,
only the colour is different.
The foreigner is white, people like I are black.
Being human, how can they spill each other’s blood?
This disturbs me.
Therefore I now want to reach the whole world.
Yes, the whole world.
Today you must help me reach all people on Earth.
When they have taken it from you,
this will be my day.”

Grazmach Surra Gino

Taking these words as encouragement and a mandate, I now proceed to outline – as briefly as possible – how a symbolic form of peace making may help consign the war in Tigray to the past, and open the way to a peaceful future.

‘Genius loci’ or ‘spirit of the place’

The peace ceremony at Arbore has shown that the ‘spirit’, the historical, ecological, and transcendental qualities of the place of peace making are highly significant. For Tigray it is the ‘genius loci’ of Aksum, the capital of the ancient Aksumite Empire, which seems to be particularly well suited to serve as a place for peace making.

Participants at the Aksum Peace Accord

1) Tigray Delegation

2) Ethiopian Federal Republic Delegation

3) Eritrea Delegation

4) Amhara Delegation

5) Sudan Delegation

6) Religious Delegations

7) Independent observers

Issues of conflict

As the Arbore case shows, not all disputes need to be settled in detail before symbolic peace making can take place. However, an effective ceasefire must be in place, and all parties should share a conviction that the most menacing issues have been resolved.

Topics of the peace accord

(1) Expression of grudges: The actual peace ceremony at Arbore was preceded by a meeting where representatives of the different warring group recalled the suffering they had endured at the hands of others, and insisted that their grudges should not be forgotten. The Aksum Peace Accord would include such a – cathartic – expression of previous grudges in analogous fashion.

(2) Destruction of tools of war: Although the different groups in southern Ethiopia had fought each other with modern rifles they destroyed and buried traditional weapons as a more powerful symbol of disarmament. The same would apply to the Aksum Peace Accord.

(3) Revaluation of honour and shame: During some of the speeches held at Arbore it was mentioned that in the future the traditional praise and glorification of killers should be abandoned. A similar condemnation of killing would be proclaimed at the Aksum Peace Accord.

(4) Cursing and blessing: At the climax of peace making in Arbore, representatives of each group cursed and blessed in their own language and with their own style, generating a heightened feeling and conviction of peace and well-being.

(5) Tools for economic and social reconstruction: Towards the end of the Arbore peace ceremony, the hosts handed out tools of production (digging sticks and herding whips), and of social control and general welfare (ritual staffs) to representatives of each of the attending groups. As host of the Aksum Peace Accord, the Tigray delegation would similarly present gifts to the formerly warring parties. Rather than whipping wands, digging sticks and ritual staffs, they would offer substantial grants for social and economic reconstruction. These grants would come from the international community, i.e. from nations with particularly friendly relations with Tigray and all its neighbours.

(6) Joint feasting: The peace ceremony at Arbore ended with a celebratory meat feast at which all the previously warring groups took part. The symbolism of sharing food is so universally known that it need not be further explicated.

International prestige

The 2020 -2021 war has negatively affected the image of each warring party. The Aksum Peace Accord will serve to regain international prestige.

Timeline

We also learn from the Arbore peace making that the time between the announcement and the actual performance of a peace ceremony can be very fertile. It helps the conflicting parties to focus on the promises of peace rather than war. Therefore, the sooner the plan and support for an Aksum Peace Accord are made and announced, the faster the process of reconciliation will begin, and peace will return.

Postscript

Below follow the final blessings – in seven different languages – pronounced at the peace making in Arbore. They have been recorded in the film “Bury the Spear. Cursing War and Blessing Peace at Arbore, southern Ethiopia.” Their expressive power may well be able to inspire the Aksum Peace Accord once eventually it becomes a reality:

Grazmach Surra Gino (Arbore)
May God sweep war out of our country.
May God make people live in harmony with each another.
May God make their stomachs one.
May God keep quarrelling away.
May He pull away the harness of rain for us!

Huna Arshal (Arbore)
Let god send rain good for cattle.
Let god send fatty rain that makes happy.
We have discarded evil,
let God discard it for us!

Iyaberet (Dassanetch)
Let my father’s village eat well and play.
Country – peace! Country – peace!
Let bad things not be.
Yes, let bad war disappear.
Yes, my father’s country is sleeping peacefully.

Naqua Deldo (Bashada)
Let us only talk truth!
Then let our mouths become one,
let the land we cleaned be peaceful,
let what we said be repeated).
Let the children play together.
Let the cattle come home in peace and be milked.
Let people meet one another.
Let people open roads to one another.
Let their mouths be one.
Let bad things go away!

Kaile Akkol (Nyangatom)
Let this land be peaceful.
Let there not be bad things,
let only good things come.
Let there be peace.
Let this rebirth be good!
Let livestock and crops all be well!

Walelo Duba (Konso)
May Ethiopia be peaceful together!!!
The wrong we mistakenly did yesterday,
let it disappear from us today.
From today on let it go away.
From now on let evil disappear from us.
Let our enemies who played against us disappear.
Let Ethiopia move together !!!!

Yembo Dele (Tsamai)
We who are sitting, let God hear all what we say.
Let God make our mouths one, let everything be one.
Let war go away!
Let God hear our words and make our tongues one.
Let God hear and destroy war.
I am a Tsamai – a farmer – let me smell farming.
God gave us sticks to herd cattle and goats,
so let God give us livestock.
Let Tsamai be peaceful.
Before, the Borana, Wata and we drank from one gourd,
let us return to one drinking gourd.

Gelgelo Tore (Wata)
May our family be peaceful!
Day and the night be peaceful.
May the people of Borena have peace.
May the whole of Ethiopia be at peace !!!
We have peace!
May the times be peaceful, in night and day.
We have passed bad times,
now we have given each other peace.
Let the sleeping place at the cattle camps be peaceful.
The people of Borena are all in peace.
We have refused war, we have sent it away.

Galafo Lale (Karo)
Won’t evil go away? – Let it go!
Won’t go away with the setting sun?
Won’t evil go away?
Won’t good come?
Let us love one another.
Peace!
Let war go away
from Bume, Kara, Geleb, Konso, Boran
and all these lands in this EPRDF time!
Let war disappear,
let the land be healthy.
Let us talk together, play together, laugh together!

Balambaras Aike Berinas (Hamar)
God who created us let him hear our words!
Let him bring us rain,
let him keep illness away from us.
Let the cattle graze in peace.
Let the goats herd in peace.
Let the children sit under shade in peace.
Let the children play there.
Let the mother go to fetch water,
let her come back in peace,
Let her collect wood in peace.
Let the goat go in peace,
let her return grazing on the leaves of bushes
Let the cow graze and come back,
let what she eats be like sheep’ fat for her.
Let the sleeping hides be peaceful:
Let the sleeping hides of Borana be peaceful.
Let the sleeping hides of Konso be peaceful.
Let the sleeping hides of Tsemai be peaceful.
Let the sleeping hides of Karo be peaceful.
Let the sleeping hides of Hamar be peaceful.
Let the sleeping hides of Borana be peaceful.
Let the sleeping hides of Mursi be peaceful.
Let people all be of one family.
Let the sky hear, and after hearing,
let it make our speech appealing.
Let us multiply!

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