Dancing On The Shore

__

 

Strange Space Weather Over Africa

“My people have been lost sheep; their shepherds have led them astray and caused them to roam on the mountains. They wandered over mountain and hill and forgot their own resting place. ” – Jeremiah 50:6

“The shepherds are senseless and do not inquire of the LORD; so they do not prosper and all their flock is scattered. ” – Jeremiah 10:21

“The wind will drive all your shepherds away, and your allies will go into exile. Then you will be ashamed and disgraced because of all your wickedness.” – Jeremiah 22:22

“Woe to the shepherds who are destroying and scattering the sheep of My pasture!” declares the LORD. Therefore thus says the LORD God concerning the shepherds who are tending My people: “You have scattered My flock and driven them away, and have not attended to them; behold, I am about to attend to you for the evil of your deeds,” declares the LORD. – Jeremiah 23:1-2

“My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me: And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand.” – Jesus in John 10:27

“He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad.” – Jesus in Matthew 12:30

Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and every city or household divided against itself will not stand.” – Matthew 12:25

Nov. 13, 2007: Something strange is happening in the atmosphere above Africa and researchers have converged on Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to discuss the phenomenon. The Africa Space Weather Workshop kicked off Nov. 12th with nearly 100 scientists and students in attendance.

The strange phenomenon that brings all these people together is the ion plume—”a newly discovered form of space weather,” says University of Colorado atmospheric scientist and Workshop co-organizer Tim Fuller-Rowell.

Researchers liken the plumes to smoke billowing out of a factory smokestack—except instead of ordinary ash and dust, ion plumes are made of electrified gas floating so high above ground they come in contact with space itself. “The plumes appear during geomagnetic storms and they can interfere with satellite transmissions, airline navigation and radio communications,” says Fuller-Rowell. Indeed, it is their effect on GPS signals that led to the discovery of plumes over North America just a few years ago.

A typical example is the plume of Nov. 20, 2003:

Above: A plume of excess electron density over North America on Nov. 20, 2003. The plume was discovered and mapped by its effect on GPS signals. Credit: Courtesy of Anthea Coster and John Foster of MIT.

Two days before this map was made, an explosion on the sun had hurled a cloud of magnetized gas—a CME—toward Earth. The plume formed when the CME hit, triggering a strong geomagnetic storm. The plume consists of ionized air at high altitude moving from Florida to Canada at a speed of 1 km/s (2200 mph).

“Okay, now we’ve seen the ‘smoke,’ but where is the smokestack?” asks Fuller-Rowell.

The search is leading researchers to Africa.

“Many believe the source of the plumes is near Earth’s magnetic equator,” explains NASA heliophysicist Lika Guhathakurta who is attending the Workshop. “Africa is a great place to check this possibility because the magnetic equator passes directly over the sub-Sahara.”

Just one problem: “There aren’t enough sensors in Africa to study the phenomenon,” says Fuller-Rowell. The sensor of choice is the dual-frequency GPS receiver. “North America has an abundance of dual frequency GPS receivers—thousands of them in a network we use to monitor North American plumes. But Africa has only a few dozen.”

Below: Dual frequency GPS receivers now in Africa. More are needed to investigate the plume phenomenon.

The purpose of the Workshop is to familiarize African space scientists with the plume phenomenon and lay the groundwork for a continent-wide GPS network. “Within a few years we hope to deploy hundreds of receivers,” he says.

Ion plumes inhabit a layer of Earth’s atmosphere called the “ionosphere.” It is a broad region 85 km to 600 km above ground level where ultraviolet radiation from the sun knocks electrons off atoms and molecules, creating a layer of ionized gas or “plasma” surrounding our entire planet. As ham radio operators have known for more than 100 years, the ionosphere can bend, distort, reflect and even absorb radio waves. Plumes amplify these effects.

How important is Africa to the study of this phenomenon? “Consider the list of organizations who have joined forces to sponsor the Africa Space Weather Workshop: NASA, NOAA, the National Science Foundation, the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD), the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), and many others,” says Guhathakurta. “It’s widely understood that Africa is key to the puzzle.”

At the moment only North America has a well-mapped ionosphere. NOAA posts new images every 15 minutes at this website. “Five years from now,” says Fuller-Rowell, “we hope to be making realtime maps of the ionosphere over Africa, too.”

Africa is plasma incognita—but not for long. Stay tuned!

Saharan Dust From Africa Brings Hazy Skies to Texas Gulf Coast

This Saharan air can also squelch tropical cyclones from forming or may help fizzle them.

A plume of Saharan dust from Africa made it all the way to the Texas Gulf Coast early this week, making for hazy skies as well as vivid sunrises and sunsets.

Yet another plume of dust located over Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula on Wednesday morning was expected to spread towards the Texas Gulf Coast by Thursday. This may create more hazy conditions late this week, the National Weather Service in Houston said.

Plumes of dust from the Sahara Desert frequently make a 5,000-mile-long voyage to parts of the United States and the air that lofts these particles can have a big impact on the Atlantic hurricane season.

Known as the Saharan air layer (SAL), this dry, dusty air mass pushes westward off Africa into the tropical Atlantic Ocean about every three to five days from late spring through early fall.

“The air is extremely dry, with about one-half the moisture of the typical tropical atmosphere,” said Jason Dunion, a tropical scientist with NOAA’s Hurricane Research Division in an email.

The SAL is typically located between 5,000 and 20,000 feet above the earth’s surface and is transported westward by bursts of strong winds that are located in the central and western Atlantic at altitudes between 6,500 and 14,500 feet.

It’s easy to see on this NASA animation how the large dust plumes spread westward in early-mid July 2016 across the Atlantic, Caribbean and into the western Gulf of Mexico. Dust in the SAL is indicated by the orange and brown contours.

Animation of total aerosol optical thickness from July 4-11, 2016 highlighting the Saharan air layer (SAL) and embedded Saharan dust traversing the Atlantic Ocean basin, shown by the orange and brown contours in the middle of the image loop. (NASA/GSFC)

To give you a sense of how large these SALs are, Dunion says the outbreak pushing off the African coast on July 12, 2016, was roughly the size of the Lower 48 States.

aharan dust tracks as far west as the Caribbean Sea, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico multiple times each year.

The dust particles can contribute to hazy skies, and rather photogenic sunrises and sunsets in the Caribbean islands and near the Gulf Coast. NASA says the dust can also lead to the creation of toxic algal blooms in the Gulf of Mexico.

The dust also reaches South America at times. In fact, a recent study by NASA scientists has found that the dust acts as a fertilizer for the Amazon rainforest.

(MORE: Saharan Dust = Fertilizer For Amazon)

SAL: Hurricane Squasher

It’s not yet well understood if and how the dust itself plays any significant, direct role on tropical cyclones, according to Dunion.

“Some studies have suggested that it (the dust) can affect how clouds and precipitation actually form.”

An SAL can surround and engulf either an active tropical cyclone or a “wanna-be” tropical disturbance. When that happens, the system is suppressed, according to a 2004 study by Jason Dunion of NOAA-HRD and Christopher Velden of the Univerisity of Wisconsin’s Space Science and Engineering Center.

One such recent example of this was Bertha in early August 2014. While west of the Windward Islands, Bertha was completely surrounded on all sides by an SAL.

Source

__

እንኳን ለብርሃነ ጥምቀቱ በሰላም አደረሰን | Happy Epiphany

ምሥጢረ ጥምቀት

ጥምቀት፡– ማለት ‹‹አጥመቀ›› ከሚለው የግእዝ ግሥ የወጣ ሲሆ ትርጉሙም ማጥመቅ ፣ መጠመቅ ማለት ነው፡፡ ይኸውም ከራስ ፀጉር እስደ እግር ጥፍር ድረስ በተጸለየበት ውሃ /ማየ ሕይወት ወይም ማየ ገንቦ/ ውስጥ በሥላሴ ስም መጥለቅ መዘፈቅ ማለት ነው፡፡ ምሥጢረ ጥምቀት ሌሎች ምሥጢራትን ለመፈጸም የመግቢያ በር ነው፡፡ ወደ ሐዲስ ኪዳን ጥምቀት ከመሔዳችን በፊት ጥምቀት በብሉይ ኪዳን ምን እንደሚመስል እንመልከት::

ጥምቀት በብሉይ ኪዳን

በብሉይ ኪዳን ጥምቀት በውሃ በታጠብ ፣ መጥለቅና መንፃት ነበር፡፡ በብሉይ ኪዳን በዓል ሲከበር በዓሉን ለማክበር የሚሰበሰበው ሕዝብ በሙሉ በውሃ በመረጨት ለበዓሉ ዝግጅት የሚፈልጉ ዕቃዎችን ሁሉ በውሃ መታጠብና መንፃት ነበረባቸው፡፡ ዘሌ 6፡27

በብሉይ ኪዳን ሰውን ወይም ዕቃን ያረክሳሱ ተብሎ የሚታመንባቸው ነገሮች ነበሩ ለምሳሌ፡– ለመሥዋዕት የታረደችውን ጊደር ደም በጣቱ የነካ የዝግባ እንጨትና ግምጃ ወስዶ የጊደሪቱን ሥጋና አጥንት ለሚቃጠልበት የጣለ ካህን ልብሱንና ገላውን በውሃ ካልታጠበ ወደ ሰፈር መግባት አይፈቀድለትም ነበር፡፡ የሞተ ሰው አስከሬን የነካ በሞተበተ ድንኳን ውስጥ የገባ ሁሉ እንደርኩስ የቆጠር ስለነበር በውሃ መታጠብና መንፃት የተለመደ ሕግ ነበር፡፡ ዘፀ 19፡18 ፣ መዝ 50፡51፡፡ ከብሉይ ኪዳን ውጭ የነበረ ሰው የኦሪቱን አምነት ሲቀበል ከማኅበረ አይሁድ ከመግባቱ በፊት መገረዝና መታጠብ ገድ ነበር፡፡ ከተገረዘና ከታጠበ በኋላ እንደ አይሁድ ሥርዓት መባዕ ማቅረብና ከማኅበሩ ጋር አንድ መሆን ይፈቀድለታል፡፡ ከሌላው እምነት ወከ ይሁዳነት ሊገባም ዕለት እንደተወለደ ሕፃን ይቆጠር እንደነበር መጻሕፍት ይነግሩናል፡፡ እራሱን ከኢግዙርነት መለየት ከመቃብር እንደመውጣት ነው ተብሎም ፈይታመን ነበር፡፡

ሌላው የብሉይ ኪዳን ጥምቀት የዮሐንስ ጥምቀት ነው፡፡ የሐንስ የንስሐ ጥምቀትን ያጠምቅ ነበር፡፡ ማር 1፡4 የዮሐንስ ጥምቀት አማኞችን ለክርሰቶስ ጥምቀት የሚያዘጋጅ የክርስቶስን ጥምቀት ለመቀበልና በእግዚአብሔር መንግሥት ውስጥ ባለቤት ለመሆ የሚያበቃ ነበር፡፡ ሜቴ 3፡11 የሚያጠምቅበትም ዓለማ ሰዎችን ከኃጢአት ወደ ሥርየት ከአምልከኮተ ጣኦት ወደ አምልኮተ እግዚአብሔር መመለስና ሥርየተ ኃጢአት አግኝቶ ከማሕበረ ጻድቃን ጋር አንድ መሆንን ያሳያል፡፡ በብሉይ ኪዳን ይፈጸም የነበረው ጥምቀት ምንም እንኳን ምሳሌነት ቢኖረውም በሐዲስ ኪዳን እንደሚፈጸመው ጥምቀት ምሥጢር አልነበረም፡፡ የብሉይ ኪዳን ጥምቀት ፈየመንጻት ጥምቀት ነበር እንጂ፡፡

ዮሐ 2፡6

የጥምቀት ምሳሌ በብሉይ ኪዳን

ስለ ጥምቀት አስቀድሞ በብሉይ ኪዳን ብዙ ምሳሌ ተመስሏለወ ትንቢትም ተነግሯል፡፡ ከምሳሌዎቹም ጥቂቶቹን ስንመለከት፡–

1ኛ የኖህ መርከብ ዘፍ 7፡17 1ኛ ጴጥ 3፡20 መርከቧ የጥምቀት ምሳሌ ስትሆን በመርከቧ ተጠልለው የዳኑት ሰዎች የአማንያን ምሳሌ በንፍር ውሃ የጠፉት የኢአማንያን ምሳሌ ናቸው፡፡ በመርከብ ውስጥ የነበሩት እንደዳኑ በጥምቀት አምነው የተጠመቁ ሁሉ ከሲኦል ባህር ከመስጠም ሲድኑ ከመርከቧ ውጭ የነበሩት ሰጥመው እንደጠፉ በጥምቀት ባለማመን ጸንተው ያልተጠመቁም በሲኦል ባህር ሰጥመው ይቀራሉ፡፡

2ኛ ግዝረት፡– ዘፍ 17፡14 ግዝረት የተገረዙ ሁሉ የአብርሃም ልጆች ይባሉ እንደነበር ያለተገረዙ ሁሉ ደግሞ ከአብርሃም ልጅነት የወጡ ነበር፡፡ አሁንም የተጠመቀ ሁሉ የእግዚአብሔር ልጅ በመባል ሲኖር ያልተጠመቀ ደግሞ ከእግዚአብሔር ልጅነት ይለያሉና ግዝረት ለጥምቀት ምሳሌ ሆነ፡፡

3ኛ እስራኤላውያን ባህረ ኤርትራን መሻገራቸው፡– እስራኤላውያኑ የክርስቲያኖች ምሳሌ ግብፃውያን የአጋንንት ምሳሌ ባህረ ኤርትራን መሻገራቸው የጥምቀት ምሳሌ ነው፡፡ እስራኤላውያን በግዞት ከነበሩበት ከግብጽ ባርነት ነፃ የወጡት ባህረ ኤርትራን ከተሻገሩ በኋላ ነው፡፡ ባህረ ኤርትራ ለፈርኦንና ለሠራዊቱ ሞትን ሲያስከትል ለእስራኤላውያን ግን ሕይወት ፣ ደስታንና ነፃነትን አጎናጽፏቸዋል፡፡ ክርስቲያኖችም በጥምቀት በርኩሳን አጋንንት ከመገዛት ከዘለዓለም ሞት ነፃ ወጥተዋል የኤርትራን ባህር ለፈርኦንና ለሠራዊቱ ድል መንሻ እንደሆነ በጥምቀትም አጋንንት ድል ሆነዋል፡፡

4ኛ እስራኤላውያን በኢያሱ መሪነት ፈለገ ዮርዳኖስን መሻገራቸው ኢያሱ 4፡1-9 እስራኤላውያን ዮርዳኖስን ተሸግረው ከነአን እንደገቡ ክርስቲያኖችም ተጠምቀው ወደ እርሳቸው ገነት መንግሥተ ሰማያት ይገባሉና፡፡

5ኛ አብርሃም ፈለገ ዮርዳኖስን ተሸግሮ ከመልከጼዴቅ ኅብስተ አኮቴት ጽዋዓ በረከት መቀበሉ ዘፍ 14፡17

–አብርሃም የምእመናን ምሳሌ

–መልከጼዴቅ የክርሰቶስ /የካህናት/ ምሳሌ

–ሕብስተ አኮቴት ጽዋዓ በረከት የክርስቶስ ሥጋወደም ምሳሌ

–ዮርዳኖስ የጥምቀት ምሳሌ

አብርሃም ዮረዳኖስን ከተሻገረ በኋላ ህብስተ አኮቴት ጽዋዕ በረከት እንደተቀበለ እኛም ከተጠመቅን በኋላ የጌታን ሥጋና ደም እንቀበላለንና፡፡

የጥምቀት ትንቢት በብሉይ ኪዳን

1ኛ ‹‹ጥሩ ውሃ እረጫችኋለሁ እናንተም ትጠራላችሁ›› ሕዝ 36፡25 ጥሩ ውሃ የተባለው የምንጠመቅበት ውሃ ነው፡፡ በንፁህ ውሃ የታጠበ ነገር ደዕድፈቱ እነደሚጠራ ሰውም አምኖ ሲጠመቅ ኃጢአቱ ይሠረይለታልና፡፡ ሌላው

2ኛ ‹‹ምህረትን ፈየወዳልና… ኃጢአታችንንም በባህር ጥልቅ ይጥለዋል›› ሚክ 7፡19 በጥልቅ ባህር የተመሰለው ጥምቀት ነው፡፡ በባህር ውስጥ የገባ ፍፁም እንደማይታይ በጥምቀትም የተሠረየ ኃጢአት ፈጽሞ አያስቀጣም በፍዳ አያሲይዝምና አንድም ከባህር ውስጥ በክንፋቸው የሚበሩ በእግራቸው የሚሄዱ በደረታቸው የሚሳቡ ተገኝገዋል፡፡

በጥምቀትም አንድ ልጅነት አግኝተው በመንፈስቅዱስ የጸጋ ስጦታዎች አማካኝነት ለተለያ ደረጃዎች በቅተዋልና፡– በክንፍ የሚበሩ የሰማዕታት ምሳሌ ፣ በእግራቸው የሚራመዱ በገዳም ተወስነው የሚኖሩ መነኮሳት ምሳሌ ፣ በደረታቸው የሚሳቡ ደግሞ በዓለም በሕግ የሚኖሩ የክርስቲያኖች ምሳሌ ናቸው፡፡

ጥምቀት ለምን ምሥጢር ተባለ?

ጥምቀት ምስጢር የተባለበት ምክንያት ከላይ እንደጠቀስነው በሚታይና በሚሰማ አገልግሎት የማይታይ ረቂቅ ጸጋ ስለሚሰጥበትና ላመኑት ብቻ የሚፈጸም በመሆኑ ውሃው ተለውጦ ከጌታ ጎን የወጣውን ውሃ /ማየ ገቦ/ ሲሆን የምንጠመቅበት ገንዳ ከግሞ ማኅጸነ ዮርዳኖስ ሲሆን አለመታየቱ ከመምህር ተምሮ በልቡና በማመን የሚታወቅ በመሆኑ አንድም እግዚአብሔር የገለጠልንን ያህል ካሆነ በስተቀር ስለማነውቀው ምሥጢር ተባለ፡፡

የጥምቀት አስፈላጊነት /ጥቅም/

ድህነት እናገኛለን፡– ማር16፡16 ‹‹ያመነ የተጠመቀ ይድናል ያላመነ ግን ይፈረድበታል›› ይላል፡፡ ይህን ይይዙና ‹‹ያላመነ›› እንጂ ‹‹ያልተጠመቀ›› ይፈረድበታል አይልም ስለዚህ አለማመን አንጂ አለመጠመቅ አያስፈርድም ይላሉ፡፡ ይህ ግን አይደለም ባይጻፍም በውስጡ ‹‹ያልተጠመቀ›› የሚለው ቃል እንዳለ እናስተውል፡፡ ምክንያቱም ከፊት ያድናል ያለው ያመነ ብቻ ሳይሆን የተጠመቀም ነው የሚለው፡፡ ታዲያ ያመነና የተጠመቀ ከዳነ የማይድነው ወይም የሚፈረድበት ደግሞ ፈያላመነና ያለተጠመቀው ጭምር መሆኑ ግልጽ ነው፡፡ ዮሐ 10፡1 ፣ ዮሐ 13፡9 ስለዚህ ግድ ለመዳን ማመን ብቻ አይጠቅምም መጠመቅም ያሻል፡፡

ከውሃና ከመንፈስ ዳግመኛ እንወለዳለን– ጌታችን ምስጢረ ጥምቀትን በትምህርት ለኒቆዲሞስ በሥጋ ከወላጆቻችን እንደተወለድን ሁሉ ‹‹ከውሃና ከመንፈስ ዳግም ልትወለዱ ግድ አላችሁ›› ብሎ አስረድቶታል፡፡ ዮሐ 3፡3 የሐነስ መጥምቅም ፈሪሳውያንን እና ሰዱቃውያንን ደገሰጻቸው በኋላ ‹‹እኔ የንስሐ ጥምቀት አጠምቃችኋለሁ የጫማውን ጠፈር ልፈታ የማይገባኝ ከኔ በኋላ የሚመጣው ግን እርሱ በመንፈስ ቀዱስ አሳትነት ያጠምቃችኋል፡፡›› ብሎ ግልጽ ቃል ተናግሯል፡፡ ሜቴ 3፡11 ለዚህ ነው በመንፈስ ቅዱስ ዳግም ከእግዚአብሔር እንወለዳለን ያልነው፡፡ ሐዋርያው ቅዱስ ጳውሎስም ለመንፈስ ልጁ ለቲቶ ‹‹የመድኃቲታችን የእግዚእብሔር ቸርነትና ሰውን መውደዱ በተገለጠ ጊዜ እንደምሕረቱ መጠን ለአዲስ ልደት በሚሆን መታጠብና በመንፈስ ቅዱስ በመታደስ አዳነን›› ቲቶ3፡5 ብሎ ድንቅ ቃል ተናግሯል፡፡ ከዚህ በኋላ የእግዚአብሔር ልጆች እንባላለን፡፡ እናንተን ግን ልጆቼ ብያችኋለሁ ባሮች አይደላችሁም እንዳለ ለነቢያት ያልታደለ የልጅነት ክብር በጥምቀት እናገኛለን፡፡

ከጌታችን ከኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ሞቱን በሚመስል ሞት ሞተን ትንሣኤውን በሚመስል ትንሣኤ እንነሳለን፡– ይህ ከጌታችን ጋር በጥምቀት ከሞቱና ከትንሣኤው ጋር እንሳተፋለን ማለት ነው፡፡ ሞቱን በሚመስል ሞት እሞታለን ሲል ጌታችን አንድ ጊዜ ሞቶ ቅድስት ነፍሱን ከቅዱስ ሥጋው እንደለየ እኛም በጥምቀት ከኃጢአት እንለያለን ማለት ነው፡፡

የኃጢአት ሥርየት እናገኝበታለን፡– ከጥምቀት በፊት ያለ ኃጢአት በጥምቀት ከጥምቀት በኋላ ያለ ኃጢአት ደግሞ በሥጋወደሙ እንደሚሠሬ ተጽፏል፡፡ በዚህም ሰው ከኃጢአት በመለየቱ በጸጋም ከእግዚአብሔር በመወለዱ የመንግሥተ ሰማይ ወራሽ ይሆናል፡፡ ሕዝ 36፡25 ሐዋርያትም ‹‹ኃጢአታችሁ ይሠረይ ዘንድ ንሥሐ ግቡ በጌታችን ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ በእግዚአብሔር ስም ተጠመቁ›› ሐዋ 2፡38 በማለት አስተምረዋል፡፡ ከእነርሱ በኋላ የተነሱት ሠለስቱ ምዕትም ኃጢአት በሚሠረይባት በአንዲት ጥምቀት እናምናለን ብለው በጸሎት ሃይማኖት ጽፈውልናል፡፡

በጥምቀት የቤተክርስቲያን አባል እንሆናለን፡– በዘመነ ኦሪት የእግዚአብሔር ሕዝብ የአብርሃም ልጆች ለመባል ግዝረት ሃይማኖታዊ ግዴታ ነበር፡፡ ጥምቀትም በክርስቶስ ለሚያምኑ ሁሉ ከቅድስት ቤተክርስቲያ የሚገኝ ጸጋ ተካፋይ ከማድረጉም በላይ ራሱን ተጠማቂውን የእግዚአብሔር ልጅ ያሰኘዋል፡፡ ቆላ 2፡11 በዚህ የክርስቶስ ቤተሰቦች የቤተክርስቲያን አባል እንሆናለን፡፡

የጥምቀት አመሰራረት በሐዲስ ኪዳን

ጥምቀት በሐዲስ ኪዳን የመሠረተው የሁሉ መሠረትና መሥራች የሆነው ጌታችንና አምላካችን መክኃኒታችን ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ነው፡፡ ሲመሠርተውም በ3 መልኩ ነው፡፡

ሀ. በትምህርት፡– ለኒቆዲሞስ በማስተማር ዮሐ 3፡5

ለ. በትእዛዝ፡– ሐዋርያትን መርጦ ካጸናቸው በኋላ እርሱ ወደ ሰማይ እንዳረገ ዓለምን ዞረው ወንጌልን እንዲሰብኩ አሕዛብንና ያላመኑትን ሁሉ ‹‹በአብ በወልድ በመንፈስ ቅዱስ ስም እያጠመቃችኋቸው ደቀ መዛሙርቴ አድርጉ›› ብሎ በማቴ 28፡19 በማዘዝ መሥርቶታል፡፡

ሐ. በተግባር፡– እኛ ክርስቲያኖች ራሱ አምላክ ከኃጢአት በቀር ሳያደርገው ለኛ ለልጆቹ አድርጉ ያለን አንዳች ነገር የለም፡፡ ተጠምቆ ተጠመቁ ፣ ጹሞ ጹሙ ፣ መከራ ተቀብሎ መከራ ተቀበሉ፡፡ ስለዚህ ጥምቀቱንም በ30 ዘመኑ በእደ ዮሐንስ በባሕረ ዮርዳኖስ ተጠምቆ በተግባር መሥርቶአልና፡፡

በምሥጢረ ጥምቀት ሙሉ ጸጋ የተሰጠው ግን በበዓለ ሃምሳ ለሐዋርያት በጽርሐ ጽዮን የመንፈስ ቅዱስ ጸጋ መውረድ በኋላ ነው፡፡

የጌታ ጥምቀት

ጌታ መቼ ተጠመቀ?

ከእመቤታችን በተወለደ በ30 ዘመኑ በዘመነ ሉቃስ ጥር 11ቀን ማክሰኞ ሌሊት 10 ሰዓት፡፡

ጌታችን ለምን ተጠመቀ?

እንደምናውቀው ጌታችን በዘመነ ሥጋዌው ከሠራቸው ብዙ ሥራዎች አንዱ መጠመቅ ነው፡፡ በወንጌል ትርጓሜም ‹‹ወሖሮን እግዚእ ለኃምስ ግብራት›› ማለት ጌታችን አምስቱን ሥራዎች ሄዶባቸው ወይም ሠራቸው ይላል፡፡ እነዚህ ጥምቀት ፣ ተአምኖ ኃትውእ /ኃጢአትን ማመን/ ይህ ከኃጢአተኞች ጋር መቆጠሩ እንጂ እርሱ ኃጢአት የለበትም ፣ ከዊነ ሰማዕት ሰማዕት /ምስክር/ መሆን ብሎ ስለእውነት ሲመሰክር እንደመጣ እራሱ ተናግሯል ፣ ተባሕትዎ መጾሙ ፣ ምንኩስና በድንግልና መኖሩን፡፡ እነዚህን ሁሉ ፈጽሟል፡፡ ታዲያ ጌታ ለምን ተጠመቀ? ስንል 3 ዐበይት ነጥቦችን እናያለን፡፡

1ኛ. ለትሕትና፡– ‹‹ከእኔ ተማሩ እኔ የዋህ በልቤም ትሑት ነኝና›› እንዳለ በማቴ 11፡29 ለአርአያ /ለትምህርት/ እንዲሆነን ብሎ ተጠመቀ፡፡ ዮሐ 13፡1-7

ምንጭ

__

Why / What President Donald Trump Should Learn From The Great Christian Emperor of Ethiopia Zar’a Ya’qob (1434—1468)

Because it is only ETHIOPIA and her Almighty God EGZIABHER Who the anti-Christians from Arabia are terrified of. Remember of Prester John of Ethiopia? By coincidence that the inauguration of the President of the United States is taking place almost on the very day of “Ethiopian” Epiphany?

According to one of the 268 stories in the Ta’amra Maryam, “The Miracles of the Virgin Mary,” a popular Ethiopian theme, Emperor Dawit prayed to The Virgin Mary before raiding anti-Christian Egypt. In reply she advised the emperor, in the name of God, to divert the Nile. The river is referred to in the leg-ends as the „Abbay“ or the „Geyon“, the Biblical river of paradise that flows through the land of Ethiopia (Genesis 2:13) . When the Egyptians saw that their waters had receded, they sued for peace and promised never again to be the foes of Christianity.

In the 15^th century, Emperors Dawit and Yishaq were very successful in fighting the infidel Muslims (pay attention how they project to call us “infidels”) in the Horn of Africa. After Emperor Yishaq defeated Islamic Ifat by capturing Zeilla in 1415, the Mamluk Sultan Barsbay retaliated, as he did when he came to power in 1422, by closing the Ethiopian monastery in Jerusalem. Emperor Yishaq lost no time in taking revenage on mosques and Muslims in Ethiopia, while Barsbay responded by threatening to harm the Copts in Egypt.

With the ascension of the ascension of the greatest of the Solomonian emperor, Zar’a Ya’qob (Seed of Jacob) (1434—1468), to power, the European-Nile connection became central to general Ethiopian strategy. Zar’a Ya’qob launched wars against Muslim Adan and stove to spread Christianity with the help of a united church.

When Sultan Jaqmaq (1438—1453) came to power, he renewed the Mamluks’ attacks against crusaders stationed in Cyprus and Rodes in the eastern Mediterranean. H was especially angered by Coptic participation in the anti-Islamic coordination effort at the Council of Florence (remember this council) and ordered the Coptic Patriarch to report any communication he received from Zar’a Ya’qob. There followed a chain of anti-Coptic actions in Egypt, including new taxes and the burning of churches.

In November 1443 a delegation from Zar’a Ya’qob handed this letter to Sultan Jaqmaq:

From the righteous…. Zar’a Ya’qob….King of Kings of Ethiopia…

To the noble, elevated Imam, the royal Sultan al-Zahir Jaqmaq, sultan of the Muslims and of Islam in Egypt and Syria. It is our goal to renew the understandings that existed between our predecessors. Let these understandings remain preserved without interruption. You, may the good Lord save you, know well what the shepherd needs to do with his sheep. Our father the Patriarch and our brothers the Christians, who are under your government and under your noble kingdom, are very few, weak, and poor. They cannot be more numerous than just one Islamic community in one of the regions of our country. And you, may the good Lord save you, are not aware of the Muslims under our government, that we are the rulers of their kings and and we always treat them well, and their kings live with us wearing golden crowns and riding horses? And are you not aware, you and your Sultan, that the River Nile is flowing to you from our country and that we are capable of preventing the floods that irrigate your country? Nothing keeps us from so doing, only the belief in God and the care for his slaves. We have presented to you what you need to know and you should know what you have to do.

Zar’a Ya’qob’s letter created little understanding. Jaqmaq responded by sending an emissary bearing gifts and an evasive reply. When Zar’a Ya’qob detained the emissary, Jaqmaq detained the Patriarch in Cairo, forcing him to write to the Ethiopian requesting the emissary’s release. Before his release, however, the Egyptian prisoner was taken to observe Zar’a Ya’qob inflict yet another defeat on Adal’s sultan, Shihab al-Din, in 1445. When Jaqmaq wrote to the new Adalite sultan suggesting that he make peace with Zar’a Ya’qob, the latter responded in 1449 that the Ethiopian Emperor had built a navy of 200 ships in preparation for an attack on Mecca and aimed to destroy the Kaaba. He further warned that Zar’a Ya’qob was contemplating blocking the Nile.

Zar’a Ya’qob brought Ethiopia’s awareness of the Nile’s political significance to its peak. He also added significant religious and cultural dimensions to this awareness by overseeing the competion of the translation and modification fo the Ta’amara Maryam. This collection of narratives included The Virgin Mary‘s advice to fight Egypt and Islam by diverting the Geyon, the Nile. Zar’a Ya’qob institutionalized the veneration of Mary as preeminent among the saints of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, and in 1441 he introduced the reading of passages from the Ta’amra Maryam as a major ritual on Sundays. The Nile legacy of the Virgin Mary, together with that of the entire Solomonian period, was to endure. The idea that the Geyon was part of Ethiopia’s biblical heritage, that Ethiopia dominated its flow, and that Ethiopian control of the river was sanctioned by heaven remained part of the Christian Ethiopian ethos.

Raf’ sha’n al-hubshan. Al-Suyuti – in the last section he addresses mythical concepts of future catastrophes and contains short quotation about the destruction of various places all over the world. According to one such tradition, Egypt will be destroyed due to the drying up of the Nile. According to another, Mecca will be destroyed by the Ethiopians.

In defense of Orthodoxy, he nevertheless introduced dramatic innovations in Church life and policy. Many of these changes had to do with the liturgical cycle; after a Christmas Day victory over an invading Muslim army which greatly outnumbered his own, Zara Yaqob decreed that from then on Christmas would be celebrated every month, and went on to add numerous other monthly feasts as well. Intensely devoted to the Mother of God (and greatly impressed by reports of her contemporary miraculous apparition at Metmaq, Egypt), the emperor required that every church have an altar dedicated in her honor, and ordered all 33 of her festivals to be observed as if they were Sundays no matter when they fell in the week. Several classic works of Ge’ez literature date from his reign, most of them in some way connected to veneration of the Theotokos; among them is a translation of the Western European Miracles of the Virgin.

__