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Archive for September, 2014

ብሩክ የመስቀል በዓል

Posted by addisethiopia / አዲስ ኢትዮጵያ on September 25, 2014

ChristosMeskel

ኢትዮጵያና ኢትዮጵያዊነትከሚለው መጽሐፍ የተወሰድ

የመስቀል በዓል በእኛ በኢትዮጵያውያን ዘንድ ብቻ ለምን ይከበራል?

ነገር ከሥሩ፥ ውኃ ከጥሩ!” እንደሚባለው፡ ስለመስቀል ታሪክ ሲወሳ አዳምንና ሔዋንን በሚመለከት ከዚህ የሚከተሉት ቍም ነገሮች ይጠቀሳሉ፤ ይኽውም እኒህ ሁለት የመጀሪያ ሰዎች፦

፩ኛ፦ የአምላክ ልጆች ኾነው በቅንነት እንዲመሩበትና ለዘለዓለም ሕያዋን ሆነው በገነት ተድላ እንዲኖሩበት ከፈጣሪያቸው ከተሰጣቸው የእውነት ቃልና ከተጎናጸፉት መልካም ሕይወት ይልቅ፡ ዲያብሎስ ከተባለው የሓሰት አበጋዝ የቀረበላቸውን የጥፋት ምክር በራሳቸው ምርጫ ተቀብለው በክፋት ዓለም መኖርን መምረጣቸው፥

፪ኛ፦ ቆይተው ግን፡ ከዚህ የኃጢአት ምግባራቸው ፍጹም ተጸጽተው ንስሓ በመግባት የፈጣሪያቸውን ምሕረት መጠየቃቸው፥ እግዚአብሔርም ሊነገር በማይቻል ቸርነቱ ኃጢአታቸውን ይቅር ማለቱ፥

፫ኛ፦ እግዚአብሔር የዚህ ይቅርታቸው መገለጫ በሆነው በአንድ ልጁ፡ በኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ቤዛነት እነርሱንና የእነርሱን ፈለግ የተከተልን እኛን ዘሮቻቸውን በፈቃዳችን ካመጣነው ከዚያ የፍዳ አገዛዝ የኃጢአት ቀንበርና የሞት ዕዳ ካዳነን በኋላ ጥንቱኑ አዘጋጅቶልን ወደነበረው ወደዘለዓለም መንግሥቱ ሕይወት የመለሰን መሆኑ ከሁሉ በፊት መነሻና መሠረት ሆኖ መነገር አለበት።

ይህም ሁሉ ሊሆን የቻለው፡ አዎን! በቀላል አልነበረም፡ እግዚአብሔር ወልድ ከቅድስት ድንግል ማርያም በፍጹም ሰውነት ተወልዶ ያለኃጢአት እውነተኛውን ሰብአዊ ሥርዓት በመኖር ለፍጥረቱ በጎ አርአያ ሆኖ የእግዚአብሔርን መንግሥት ምንነት በትምህርት ገልጦና አምላክነቱ ንም በተአምራት አሳይቶ ልዩ ልዩ ፈተናዎችን አሸንፎና መከራዎችን ተቀብሎ በመስቀል ላይ ራቁቱን ተሰቅሎና ደሙን አፍስሶ ሙቶና ተቀብሮ በመጨረሻ በትንሣኤው ያን ጨንቀኛ ጠላታቸውን ዲያብሎስን ድል በመንሣት ነው።

ከዚህ ጋር በማያያዝ እኔን መከተል የሚወድ ቢኖር ራሱን ይካድ! መስቀሉንም ተሸክሞ ይከተለኝ! ነፍሱን ሊያድን የሚወድ ሁሉ ያጠፉታል! ስለእኒእ ግን ነፍሱን የሚያጠፋ ሁሉ ያገኛታል!” የሚለው የመስቀሉ ጌታ የኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ቃል እና የእርሱ ተከታይ ሓዋርያ ቅዱስ ጳውሎስ፡ በመንፈስ ቅዱስ ተመልቶ፡ የመስቀሉ ቃል ለሚጠፉ ሞኝነት፡ ለእኛ ለምንድን ግን፡ የእግዚአብሔር ኃይል ነው!” በሚል የመክፈቻ አርእስት ስለመስቀል ምስጢር የሰጠው የትርጓሜ ሓተታ አብሮ ሊነገር ይገባል።

የትርጓሜው ሓተታ እንዲህ ነው፦ የአይሁድ ሊቃናት ከካህናቱና ከሕዝቡ ጋር በሰይጣናዊ ቅንዓት ተነሣሥተው በስቅላት ያስገደሉት ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ሥጋው ከተቀበረም በኋላ ቅንዓታቸው ሊበርድ፥ ጭካኔያቸውም ሊረግብ አልቻለም፡ ያ፡ ያሠቃዩት ጌታ ስለፍጥረቱ ቤዛነት የመጨረሻው የፋሲካ በግ ሆኖ የተሠዋበትንና ይህን የመሰለው መለኮታዊ ፍቅር ተፈጽሞ ምስጢሩ የተከሠተበትን እንጨት እንኳ በርኅራኄያቸው ትተው ሊያልፉት አልፈለጉም። ደቀ መዛሙርቱ ሥጋውን ሠርቀው እንዳይወስዱትበሚል ምክንያት መቃብሩን እንዲያስጠብቅላቸው ወደጲላጦስ ሄደው በመማፀንና እርሱም ፈቃዳቸውን በመፈጸም በድኑን ሳይቀር እንዳልተዉት ሁሉ አሁንም በመስቀሉ ላይ የፈጸሙት ግፍ ከዚያ ያላነሰ፥ እንዲያውም የባሰና ወደር የማይገኝለት ሆኖ እንዲቀጥል ማድረጋቸውን እነሆ እንመለከታለን።

ይኸውም፡ መስቀሉ ደብዛው ሳይቀር ጨርሶ እንዲጠፋ ያደረጉበት መሠሪ ዕቅዳቸውና ክፉ ድርጊታቸው ነው። በዚህ ዕቅዳቸው መሠረት ማንም ሰው የራሳቸው የሆኑት ወገኖቻቸው እንኳ ሳይቀሩ ሊጠረጥሩ በማይችሉበት ሁኔታና ሥፍራ፡ መስቀሉን በድብቅ አስወስደው ቀበሩት ያም ሥፍራ ለከተማው የቆሻሻ መጣያ የተመደበው ቦታ ነበር።

በዚህ ድርጊታቸው ሦስት እኩይ ዓላማዎቻቸውን የፈጸሙ መስሏቸው ነበር። ከእነዚህ ዓላማዎቻቸው መካከል፦

፩ኛ፦ የሰማይና የምድር ፈጣሪና ጌታ የሆነው ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ቅዱስ ሥጋው የተቆረሰበትንና ክቡር ደሙ የፈሰሰበትን ምሥዋዕ (መሠዊያ) መስቀሉን ማርከስ ሲሆን፥

፪ኛ፦ ሕዝቡ ሁሉ የቤቱንና የከተማውን ጥራጊና ቁሻሻ በየቀኑ ያለማቋረጥ በማፍሰስና በመጣል መቀበሩን ማንም ሊያውቅ እንዳይችል፡ ምናልባት ቢታወቅ እንኳ ምን ጊዜም ተቆፍሮ እንዳይገኝና እንዳይወጣ ማድረግ ነው፥

፫ኛ፦ መስቀሉን እንዲህ አድርገው በሚቀብሩበት ጊዜ የክፋታቸው መጠን ምን ያህል የጸና መሆኑን የሚያመለክተው ሌላው ገጽታ ይታያል፡ ይኸውም፡ ዕፀ መስቀሉ ምናልባት ተቆፍሮ የተገኘ እንደሆን የዓለም መድኅን የተሰቀለበት እውነተኛው እንጨት የትኛው እንደሆነ ተለይቶ እንዳይታወቅ ለማደናገር ሲሉ፡ በቀኝና በግራ የተሰቀሉትን ወንበዴዎች ብቻ ሳይሆን ሌሎች ወንጀለኞች ጭምር የተሰቀሉበትን እንጨት ከጌታ መስቀል ጋር ደበላልቀው እንዲቀበር ማድረጋቸው ነው።

ዕሌኒ ንግሥትና ልጇ ንጉሥ ቈስጠንጢኖስ

ነቢዩ ዳዊት፡ ጊዜ ገቢር ለእግዚአብሔርእንዳለው፡ እግዚአብሔር ፈቃዱን የሚፈጽምበት፡ ሥራውንም የሚሠራበት ጊዜ ስላለው የዚህ የመስቀሉ ክብርና ኃይል የሚገለጽበት ቀኑ፡ እነሆ ደረሰ። ያም ቀን ምድረ ከነዓንን በማጠቃለል፡ በማእከላዊው ባሕር አካባቢ ያለውንና በዘመኑ ሥጋዊው ሥልጣኔ ዳብሮበታልየተባለውን ዓለም በቄሣርነት የገዛው ቆስጠንጢኖስ በ፫፻፳፭ ዓ.. በእናቱ በንግሥት ዕሌኒ አማካይነት የክርስትናን እምነት ለመቀበል፡ ራሱን ያበቃበት ጊዜ ነበር። በዚያው ዓመት ሃይማኖታዊት የሆነችው ይህችው ንግሥት እናቱ፡ ጌታችን ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ተወልዶ አድጎና ኖሮ ተሰቅሎና ሙቶ ተነሥቶና ዐርጎ ተልእኮውን በማከናወን ዘለዓለማዊ የምሕረት ጸጋውን ለሰው ልጆች በቃል ኪድን የሰጠባቸውን ቅዱሳት መካናት ትሳለም ዘንድ ልቦናዋ ተነሣሥቶ ወደ ኢየሩሳሌም እንድትጓዝ ሆነ።

ዕሌኒ ንግሥት፡ ኢየሩሳሌም ገብታ ቅዱሳት መካናትን እየተዘዋወረች ከጎበኘች በኋላ ስለጌታ ቅዱስ መስቀል በጠየቀች ጊዜ መስቀሉ የተቀበረበት ቦታ ባለመታወቁ እስከዚያን ቀን ድረስ የመስቀሉ ነገር የተሠወረ ምሥጢር ሆኖ እንደሚገኝ ተነገራት። በዚያን ጊዜ መስቀሉን በሚመለከት በመንፈሳዊ የፍቅርና የቅንዓት እሳት በነደደ ልቦናዋ የጌታን ሕማማቱንና የተናገራቸውን ቃላት በማዘከር ወደፈጣሪዋ የእንባ ጸሎትን አቀረበች፡ በእርሷ በኩል ምን ማድረግ እንደሚገባት ያመለክቷትም ዘንድ ወደቤተ ክርስቲያን መሪዎችና አገልጋዮች ካህናት በየቦታው ወደዘጉ ባሕታውያን ሳይቀር እየላከች አስጠየቀች።

ከእነርሱም ያገኘችው መልስ፡ ካህናትና ምእመናን በቤተ ክርስቲያን ተሰባስበውና በምሕላ ተጠምደው የዘጉትና የበቁትም በየበዓታቸው ተጠናክረው ኹሉም በያለበት ጾምና ጸሎት በማድረስ፡ መንፈስ ቅዱስ ምስጢሩን እንዲፈታው መጠየቅ መሆኑን የሚያመለክት ነበረ። እርሷም ይህ የተባለው መንፈሳዊ ምግባር ራሷ ጭምር በተካፈለችበት እንዲካሄድ አድርጋ የእግዚአብሔር ጽድቅ የተገለጸበትንና መልካም የምሥራቅ ፍሬ የሆነውን ከዚህ የሚከተለውን መመሪያ ለማግኘት በቃች። ይህም፡ ለመሥዋዕት እንደሚደረግ፡ እንጨት ተረብርቦ እንዲነድና በዚያ ላይ በሱባዔና በምሕላ የተጸለየበት ዕጣን ተጨምሮ ጢስ ቅታሬው ወደሰማይ ከወጣ በኋላ ወደምድር ተወርውሮ የሚተከልበት ያ ቦታ ጌታ የተሰቀለበት እውነተኛው ዕፀ መስቀል የተቀበረበት ሥፍራ መሆኑን አረጋግጦ የሚያሳይ ምልክት ይሁናችሁ!” የሚል ነበር።

በዚህ መሠረት መንፈሳዊቷ ንግሥት ይህንኑ መመሪያ በመከተል የታዘዘው ውጤት ታየ! ከሚነድደው እሳት ተነሥቶ፡ ወደሰማይ የወጣው የዕጣኑ ጢስ ቅታሬ ወደምድር ተመልሶ ከተራራማነት መጠን ደርሶ በነበረ በአንድ ጉብታ ላይ እንደጦር ተወርውሮ ተተከለ! ይህ ተአምር የታየበት ዕለት መስከረም ፲፯ ቀን ፫፻፳፮ ዓ.. ነበር፡ በዚያ ተራራ ላይ የሚደረገው ቁፋሮ በዚሁ ቀን ተጀምሮ ወደጥልቅ እየወረደ ሲቀጥል ከቆየ በኋላ፡ በመጋቢት ፲ ቀን መስቀሎች ተከማችተው ከሚገኙበት ዐዘቅት ተደረሰ!

በዚያ ዐዘቅት ውስጥ ከነበሩት፥ ሳይበሰብሱና መሬት ሳይበላቸው ከተረፉት ጥቂት መስቀሎች መካከል፡ ለካ ጌታችን መድኃኒታችን ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ለፍጥረቱ ቤዛ ኾኖ ደሙ የፈሰሰበት እውነተኛው ዕፀ መስቀል አብሮ ይገኝ ኖርዋል! ነገር ግን የትኛው እንደሆነ ለይቶ ለማወቅ እጅግ አዳጋች ሆነ! ይሁን እንጂ፡ ይህን ችግር ለመፍታት ረዥም ጊዜን አልወሰደም፡ ብዙ ድካምንም አልጠየቀም፡ አማናዊው ቅዱስ መስቀል የተለያዩ ተአምራትን በመፈጸምና ራሱን ከሌሎቹ ለይቶ በማቅረብ ማንነቱን በታላቅ ኃይል ገልጦ ሊያሳይ ችሏልና።

ዛሬም፡ እኛ ኢትዮጵያውያን ደመራእና መስቀልእያልን በየዓመቱ የማንከብረው በዓል መነሻና ዓላማው ይህ መታሰቢያነቱም ለዚህ መሆኑን እናውቀዋለን።

ንግሥት ዕሌኒ እውነተኛ ክርስቲያንና ጽኑ ሃይማኖታዊት ናት፡ ለክርስቲያኖችም ሁሉ ባለውለታ ነች። በተለይም ለእኛ ለኢትዮጵያውያን፤ ንግሥት ዕሊኒ በኢየሩሳሌም ባሳለፈችው የጥቂት ዓመታት ቆይታዋ የመጣችበትን ቅዱሳት መካናትን የመሳለም ዓላማዋንና ታላቁ ትሩፋትዋ የሆነውን የጌታን ቅዱስ መስቀል አስቆፍሮ የማውጣት ተል እኮዋን ማከናወን ብቻ ሳይሆን በዚሁ ጎልጎታ በተባለውና መስቀሉ በተገኘበት ቦታ ላይ የኢየሩሳሌምን ቤተ ክርስቲያን በአምስት ዓመታት አሠርታ ጨረሰች አሠርታም እንደጨረሰች፡ ምዕራቡን ለሮም (ለግሪኮች) ምሥራቁን ለሓበሾች (ለኢትዮጵያውያን) ሰጠች።

ይህ የኾነው ያለምክንያት አልነበረም። ኢትዮጵያውያን ጥንት ኢየሩሳሌምን ከቈረቈረው አባታቸው ከመልከ ጼዴቅ ጀምሮ እስከ ኢትዮጵያዊት ንግሥታቸው ማክዳ ከዚያም ታላቁ እስክንድር እስከተነሣበት ዘመን ድረስ ከትውልድ ወደትውልድ እየተላለፉ፡ በውርስ የደረሷቸው በኢየሩሳሌም ያሉት የዐፅመርስት ቦታዎችና ንብረቶች በይዞታቸው ሥር ተጠብቀው ይኖሩ ነበረ፤ በእስክንድር ዘመን ግን በእርሱ ሥልጣን ከተተኩት ከአራቱ የጦር አዝማቾቹ አንዱ ወራሽ የነበረው ፬ኛው አንጥያኮስ ኤጲፋንዮስ የተባለው አረማዊ ከክርስቶስ ልደት በፊት በ፩፻፺፰ ዓመት፡ ኢየሩሳሌም ገብቶ ታላቅ ዕልቂትንና ብርቱ ጥፋትን አደረሰ፡ ከዚህ በኋላ ከክርስቶስ ልደት በፊት፡ በ፩፻፺፯ ዓመት፡ መቃብያን በእርሱ አገዛዝ ላይ በዓመፅ ተነሥተው እስኪያስወግዱት ድረስ እነዚህ የኢትዮጵያ ይዞታዎች በዚያ ከሚገኙት ቅዱሳት መካናት መካከል ጠፍ ሆነው ቆይተው ስለነበረ ነው።

ይህን እውነታ ከዚህ ቀጥሎ ያለው ማስረጃ ያረጋግጠዋል። ስሙ ቀደም ብሎ የተጠቀሰው ቆስጦንጢኖስ ከክርስቶስ ልደት በኋላ በ፫፻፳፭ ዓ.ም ግድም በሮም (በቍስጥንጥንያ) ነግሦ እናቱን ወደ ኢየሩሳሌም ልኳት እርሷም ቀደም ብሎ እንደተገለጸው የመጣችበትን የተቀደሰ ዓላማዋን ታላቁን ተልእኮዋንና የሕንፃ ቤተ ክርስቲያን ሥራዋን አከናውና እንደፈጸመች ወዲያው በጊዜው ለነበሩት ክርስቲያኖች ቦታ በምትሰጥበት ጊዜ፡ አብርሃ ወአጽብሓ የተባሉት የዘመኑ የኢትዮጵያ ነገሥታት ወደቆስጠንጢኖስና ወደእናቱ ንግሥት ዕሌኒ እንዲህ ሲሉ ላኩ፦

በኢየሩሳሌም ገዳመ ንጉሥ” [ኋላ በእስላሞች ጊዜ ዴር ሡልጣን] የተባለ አንድ ቦታ የአሕዛብ ነገሥታት ኢየሩሳሌምን እስኪያጠፏት ድረስ ከጥንት ጀምሮ በኢትዮጵያ ነገሥታት እጅ እንደነበረ ከታሪክ አይታችሁ፡ ከሽማግሌም ጠይቃችሁ እንድትመልሱልን እንለምናችኋለን።

ከእናንተ በፊት የነገሡ አሕዛብ እግዚአብሔርን የማይፈሩ ስውን የማይፈሩ ነበሩና፡ እግዚአብሔር ለሕዝቡ አማኝ ንጉሥ እስኪያነግሥ ድረስ ዝም አልን። አሁን ግን እግዚአብሔርን የሚፈራ ለሕዝበ ክርስቲያን የሚራራ ርስትን የሚተክል እንጂ የማይነቅል ቆስጠንጢኖስ የሚባል ደግ ነገሠ!’ የሚል ዜናን ብንሰማ እጅግ በጣም ደስ አለን።

ስለዚህ አንቺም ክብርት ንግሥት ሆይ፥ ደግ ክርስቲያን መኾንሽንና ጌታችን ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስን ማፍቀርሽን ሰምተናልና የናት ልመና ፊት አያስመልስ አንገት አያስቀልስ!’ እንደሚባለው ለንጉሡ ልጅሽ ነግረሽ፡ ርስታችንን አስመልሽልን!’ ብለው ወደ ዕሌኒ ንግሥት ላኩ።

እርሷም ይህንኑ ወደልጇ ወደንጉሥ ቆስጠንጢኖስ ልካ አሳወቀችው። ንጉሥ ቆስጠንጢኖስም የኢትዮጵያ ነገሥታት አብርሃ ወአጽብሓ የላኩትን ቃል አይቶ ከታሪክም ተመልክቶ ከሽማግሌዎችም ጠይቆና ተረድቶ የእናቱንም ምክር ሰምቶ በደስታ እሺ!” አለ።

ይኽው በኢየሩሳሌም ቅዱሳት መካናት የኢትዮጵያውያን ርስታቸው የኾነው ቦታ በንጉሥ ቆስጠንጢኖስና በእናቱ በንግሥት ዕሌኒ ትእዛዝ እንደቀድሞው ለኢትዮጵያውያን እንዲመለስ ተደረገ። ከዚያ በኋላ ኢትዮጵያውያን መነኮሳት መኖሪያ ቤት ሠርተው ባገኙት ቤተ ጸሎት እያገለገሉ ቆዩ። ይህም የኾነው ከ፫፻፳፰ ዓ.ም ጀምሮ ነው። እስከዘመነ ተንባላትም ድረስ (ማለትም እስላሞች ሥልጣን እስከያዙበት ጊዜ ድረስ) ከሦስት መቶ ዓመታት ለሚበልጥ ጊዜ በሰላምና በዕረፍት ኖሩ።

የመስቀሉ ነገርና ኢትዮጵያዊው አጼ ዳዊት

ይቀጥላል

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Race to Electrify Rural Africa Could Help The West Too

Posted by addisethiopia / አዲስ ኢትዮጵያ on September 20, 2014

ElectroEthiopia

Investments in mini grid systems aimed at powering up remote parts of Africa may provide a test bed for rural energy infrastructure elsewhere in the world

TURNING on the lights in Africa may help to power up the rest of the world sustainably. New investments in mini grid systems aimed at bringing power to rural Africa and other remote areas may provide a test bed for the rural energy infrastructure of the future.

Rich nations are taking an increasing interest in electrifying the rest of the world. At the Africa Leaders Summit in Washington DC this month, US president Barack Obama announced an additional $12 billion in funding for his administration’s Power Africa initiative, which aims to help bring power to at least 60 million households and businesses across the continent.

But 85 per cent of the 1.3 billion people lacking electricity worldwide live in rural areas. That means powering Africa won’t be as simple as hooking up villages to a centralised power grid. Localised “micro-grids” are beginning to take off. They can generate anything from a few watts to a few megawatts and provide power for tens to thousands of households at a time.

An increasing amount of this power is coming from renewable sources, such as wind, solar and hydro. “It creates an opportunity,” says Subhes Bhattacharyya at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK. “You don’t have to follow the old-fashioned way of doing things. You can jump the queue to new technologies.”

For instance, international group Practical Action is building micro-hydro-power plants in Zimbabwe and Kenya, which harness falling water such as that in mountain rivers.

Another group, a Kenyan start-up called Access:energy, developed a model to teach Kenyans to make parts of wind turbines out of scrap metal and car parts, reducing the need for outside help should a part of the system break. A single turbine can generate about 2.5 kilowatt-hours per day, enough to power a micro-grid for 50 homes.

These sorts of local efforts are important – and not just for getting electricity to rural Africa. The continental US and other rich parts of the world have set goals for switching to renewable power and reinventing electricity grids as well. Lessons learned in Africa could help get parts of the US running on renewables and micro-grids.

“There are vulnerabilities because of the way our US grid is based on big, centralised power stations that are all very interdependent,” says Gwen Holdmann at the Alaska Center for Energy and Power in Fairbanks. “If one component goes down, it can cause a cascading effect.” Switching to local grids can ultimately help make the whole power infrastructure more robust in emergencies such as hurricanes or solar storms.

Not everyone agrees that renewable energy is the best option for Africa, however. Micro-grids may not be the cheapest option in the long run, as electricity from small grids tends to be three or four times as expensive per unit than that from centralised sources.

It hardly seems fair that the people who can least afford energy must use a more expensive system, says Bhattacharyya. “On the other hand, if they don’t get electricity and remain in darkness, then it’s unfair for them as well. That’s the choice one has to make, and there’s no single solution for all.”

This article appeared in print under the headline “Africa’s power surge”

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Investing in Water: The Most Profitable Investment of the 21st Century

Posted by addisethiopia / አዲስ ኢትዮጵያ on September 15, 2014

OrangeWaterInvestment U Advisory Panelist and IPO expert Louis Basenese constantly monitors the world’s fastest-growing industries. Below, Louis details the fundamental forces at work driving one of today’s hottest growth opportunities…

Right now, there’s one commodity that sells at gas stations for almost twice the price of gasoline – and U.S. consumers never complain about it.

In fact, this precious resource we often take for granted is in critical shortage in more than 80 countries worldwide. And it will forever be in high demand, as every living being’s survival depends on it.

Of course, the commodity I’m talking about is water. And the effects of its shortage are of major concern…

Nearly 40% of the world’s population does not have access to clean water. And this problem is not going away anytime soon. It’s actually getting worse…

Less than 2% of the world’s water store is fresh water – to quench the thirst of 6 billion people. And according to the International Food Policy Research Institute, by 2020, an additional 2 billion people will be competing for this shrinking resource.

But the problem isn’t 14 years from now; the problem is now. Below, we’ll review why investing in water is turning out to be the most profitable investment of the 21st century. But first, let’s look at the problem…

At this moment, clean, safe water is scarce across the globe. Fortunately, several players in the private sector are working hard to solve this problem. And for investors, this industry provides perhaps the most profitable opportunities of the 21st century.

Two Catalysts: Global Warming And Population Growth

Water is the single-largest health problem in the entire world. According to SIWI.org, 90% of the 5,000 daily child deaths are related to some sort of diarrhea-related disease.

And torrid population growth is not only stressing water use, it’s causing massive pollution and depleting the largest aquifers on the planet. Unstable politics of water-poor communities, states and countries is triggering heated tensions – and in some cases, all-out wars. And global warming is drying up lakes, eroding shorelines and depleting rivers.

Consider the following:

  • Within 50 years, more than half of the global population will be living with water shortages. They will affect 4 billion people by 2050.
  • The Dead Sea has dropped more than 66 feet in the past 100 years and is now losing about 3 feet each year.
  • Lake Chad in Africa is now 1/20 the size it was 35 years ago.
  • Water-borne diseases kill one child every 8 seconds.

According to the National Academy of Sciences, Mother Earth is now the hottest it’s been for at least 400 years.

More specifically, over the last 100 years the surface temperature of the Earth has risen 1 degree Fahrenheit. And while that doesn’t sound like too much, it’s enough to wreak havoc on eco-systems, erode shorelines, dry aquifers and cause massive water shortages all over the world.

According to the IPCC, if global warming is not stopped, the earth could heat up another 3 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of this century. Time magazine points out that, “Mount Kilimanjaro has lost 75% of its ice cap” Moreover, it could completely lose ALL of its ice by 2020.

The result is less inland snow, a reduced amount of fresh river water, drying aquifers, and intense strain on any ecosystem relying on irrigation. With entire regions becoming unsuitable for crop production, both food and water will need to be transported into the water-deprived nations, dramatically hindering their ability to contribute to world GDP.

And the world’s fast-growing population isn’t helping the situation

From the beginning of time through the middle of the 1900s, the global population grew at a steady – but not alarming – rate. Now, it’s multiplying exponentially.

There are just over 6.1 billion people on the planet right now, but by 2050, census officials predict there could be as many as 9 billion people on Earth. And more demand for water simply means that the already under-supplied resource will become scarcer in the years to come.

The World Bank points out that global demand for water is doubling every 21 years. And, at present, 1 billion people on the planet don’t have access to safe water. “In Latin America alone, about 15% of the population – roughly 76 million people – lack safe water, and 116 million don’t have access to sanitation services.”

So how do we solve this water crisis?

Opportunity in Water Investing Is “Dripping” From This Shortage

The answer lies in the private sector – companies working night and day to solve the world’s water woes. The global water industry has been heating up for several decades, and the story’s certainly not new.

Many savvy investors have already recognized that investing in water stocks is simply the investment of a lifetime. Some have already locked in huge profits over the past few years. Here are just a few examples of water investment successes:

Investors who put $10,000 dollars in Consolidated Water (Nasdaq: CWCO) in 2000 banked a cool $71,061.43 by February of 2006.

Water has to be moved, as well and the lucky few who invested $10,000 in the IPO of American Commercial Lines (Nasdaq: ACLI) in the early part of 2005 would have made more than 310% by May of 2006.

And these profits are just the beginning of what could be the greatest investment of the 21st century.

Think of it this way: Bottled water sells for roughly $1.50 a liter at the gas station right now, while gasoline sells for around $3 a gallon. With 3.78 liters in a gallon, bottled water would be selling for $5.67 a gallon – almost twice the price of gasoline. And water companies don’t have to build expensive oil wells and refining plants that are toxic and environmentally unfriendly. The overall cost to bring water to market is, in many cases, lower.

In the end, investing in water stocks is a smart play all around for those seeking constant, stable returns. Global Summit Management (SGM) reports that from 2000 to 2005, water utility stocks returned 134.57%, while the S&P 500 clocked in at a mere 2.74%.

And those who invested in water stocks for a 10-year period were even happier. The stocks banked 446.01% from 1995 to 2005, versus 9.06% in the S&P.

Conclusion on Water

The world needs safe, clean drinking water and acceptable sanitation levels. Demand is outstripping supply. And several smart companies are solving the problem, which bodes well for investing in water for long-term gains.

Good investing,

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The Ethiopian New Year (Enkutatash)

Posted by addisethiopia / አዲስ ኢትዮጵያ on September 7, 2014

Enkutatash2007

By Bantalem Tadesse

Six events are observed every Ethiopian New Year, seven in each hundred year and eight in each thousand year. The Ethiopian calendar celebrates New Year on Meskerem first to commemorate the receding of the great storm during the time of Noah and beheading of Kidus Yohannes, (St. John the Baptist). Hence, the Ethiopian New Year is also known as Kidus Yohannes in memory of the saint and his sacrifice.  All these symbolize the transition from the Old Testament to New Testament. The church also commemorate other monthly and annual holidays (Time Out, Volume 2, Issue13, September 6-12, 2002:9).

Six events are observed every Ethiopian New Year, seven in each hundred year and eight in each thousand year. The Ethiopian calendar celebrates New Year on Meskerem first to commemorate the receding of the great storm during the time of Noah and beheading of Kidus Yohannes, (St. John the Baptist). Hence, the Ethiopian New Year is also known as Kidus Yohannes in memory of the saint and his sacrifice.  All these symbolize the transition from the Old Testament to New Testament. The church also commemorate other monthly and annual holidays (Time Out, Volume 2, Issue13, September 6-12, 2002:9).

One of the monthly holidays observed on the same day is Lideta (Birth day of St. Mary). The other one is Mebacha (beginning of each Ethiopian month). The word ‘mebacha’ is driven from the Ge’ez word ‘ba’ate’, meaning, beginning (or beginning of each Ethiopian month). Therefore, the first day of each Ethiopian month is known by the name of Mebacha. Job is said to have been cured from his wounds on Meskerem first. The annual holiday of the Archangel Raguel and St Bartholomews are also observed on Meskerem first (Synaxarium, V.1, 1994E.C:2). Meskerem first is also the beginning of each Ethiopian year, Ethiopian Century once every hundred years, and Ethiopian Millennium once every thousand years.

The Ethiopian New Year also honors the seasonal transition from the heavy rainy season to the bright and sunny seasons. A typical New Year greeting that is often heard is “May He brings you safely from the year of Luke to the year of John…” Every believer passes through this time wishing for a safe transition to the next season. Hence, when Meskerem comes, it is the time of blissful happiness and relief. The safe transition from the rainy season to the breathtaking bright Meskerem is symbolic of the passage from an awe inspiring night into a beautiful morning. Thus, believers celebrate it with first Enkutatash and then Maskal holidays. This prior season lacks brightness, and is awe-inspiring and often frightening, with lightening and thunder accompanied by powerful rains for the length of the period. As a result, it was traditionally believed that death was on hand at that time, and so insecurities and fear ran rampant. The clergymen sing about the dawning of Meskerem because they consider the preceding rainy season to be darkness.

Within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church, many religious services accompany Enkutatash. The ecclesiastical procession comprised of liturgy, the showing of the New Years Calendar, and a veneration of St. John. Amongst other wishes, the prayers asked for the protection of the people and domestic animals of the country. It also asks that the harvest to be protected from insects and bad weather conditions.

Mass is conducted early in the morning if the festival falls on non fasting days and in the afternoon if it falls on fasting days (Wednesdays and Fridays). Other liturgical services such as the chanting, preaching, and the explanation of the New Year calendar are performed after the mass when the mass is conducted early in the morning and before the mass when the mass is conducted in the afternoon.  After the chanting and preaching, the proto priest or the Aleka (head) of each church reads the calendar of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which is called Bahere- Hassab. This points out the days of  festivals and the beginning and end of the fasting days during that year.

Then, the same priest declares the replacement of the old year by the new one. As it is already mentioned, the most commonly used cycle to which the clergy and Ethiopian Christians follow is the four-year cycle. The declaration of the clergy includes, therefore, the transfer from the year of the evangelist of the old year to the year of the evangelist of the New Year. For instance, if the transfer is from the year of  Mark to the year of  Luke, the declaration says ‘ Marekos teshare Lukas negese’ meaning Mark is replaced by Luke … This declaration is repeated three times in the church by the leading priest and other members of the clergy repeat it after each step of the leading priest.

Both Enkutatash and Maskal fall at the end of the rainy season so that traditional songs that reflect the season are common at the celebrations of both Enkutatash and Maskal. The following is a small excerpt from the traditional New Year and Maskal songs: “Eyoha mebratie/Hoye/Leneqati/Eyoha abebaye/Hoye Emotaalhu biye sibaba/ Essey Maskal teba…” Literally, it means, “Let me rejoice with the bright light/ [The dark night] replaced by dawn/ Let me rejoice with flowers, /for Meskerem has dawned with the Maskal Festival, /and I have been shocked by fear of death/ but now rejoice for Meskerem has dawned.”

Both Enkutatash and Maskal also fall with the mass blooming of golden yellow Maskal daisies known as ‘adey ababa’. At the celebrations of Enkutatash and Maskal, children can be heard singing interesting traditional seasonal songs. “Eyoha abebaye / Meskerem tebaye/ Meskerem siteba adey sifeneda/ Enkuan sew zemedum yieteykal bada….” roughly translated as “The bright season of September with the fields decorated with blooming flowers encourage people to visit not only kinsmen but also non kinsmen friends…” These words announce the coming of the bright Ethiopian month with its colorful flowers. The song also encourages everybody to pay a visit to his or her relatives, because the now-receding rivers make it easier for people to travel from place to place.

The Ethiopian new year is also known as Enkutatash. Etymologists relate Enkutatash to the visit of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon of Israel. According to this interpretation, the Queen offered gold and other sumptuous gifts to the King upon her visit to Jerusalem. In return, the king rewarded her with plenty of enku (jewels). When she returned to her country, the people were believed to have celebrated her homecoming- especially the children who were carrying bunches of flowers and singing the phrase “Enquletatash” meaning King Solomon gave you the gems to help you to cover the costs of your trip.

Therefore, the festival’s name is believed to have been driven from the Amharic words “enku”, meaning “jewel”, and “latatash”, which suggests the covering of one’s expenses. In another interpretation, the children said to have a song  “Enqu letatesh”, which means King Solomon gave you enqu (jewels), and letatesh (meaning for your fingers). The festival’s name is believed to have been driven from the Amharic phrase of Enqu Letatish.  Over time, the Amharic letter ‘
‘ (the prefix le-) was dropped and the name was corrupted in to “Enqutatash”. The Enkutatash tradition wherein children give gifts of flowers is a proactive stemming from the Queen Sheba’s homecoming when the children gave her with bouquets (Time Out, Volume 2, Issue13, September 6-12, 2002:9).

While going in the villages, singing the traditional Enqutatash song, children, particularly in the country side, carry gifts of bunches of flower. According to the above interpretation, this tradition is thought to be proactive stemming from the Queen Sheba’s homecoming from Israel after her visit to King Solomon of Israel. It represents the gifts children presented her. In the towns, due to lack of flowers, children go with the pictures of flowers, angels, saints and Ethiopian heroes. In return, children are given or at least promised new clothes or a domestic animal (in the country side) and given coins and slices of home made bread (in the towns).

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church does not accept this interpretation. The Amharic language did not develop at that time and hence ‘Enkutatash’ could not possibly be derived from the Amharic terms “Enqu legetish”, or “Enqu letatish”. Instead, the Church suggests that the flower gifts given at ‘Enkutatash’ represent the olive branch or kietema(wet green grass) that Noah’s dove brought to him to show the receding of the flood waters (as described in Genesis 8: 11-13).

Even though every Orthodox Church celebrates the holiday of ‘Enqutatash’ (Ethiopian New Year), liturgically this festival is observed with special occasions in the churches dedicated to Kidus Yohannes (St. John the Baptist) in commemoration of his beheading. This festival is also celebrated with special emphasis at the Entoto Raguel Church at the top of Entoto Mountain, north of Addis Ababa. It is believed that God authorized the Angel on this day to observe every activity undertaken by God.
GLORY TO GOD
AMEN

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